Reuter P, Caulkins J P
RAND Corporation, Drug Policy Research Center, Santa Monica, CA 90407-2138, USA.
Am J Public Health. 1995 Aug;85(8 Pt 1):1059-63. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1059.
This paper discusses what the goals of national drug policy have been and suggests an alternative set of goals. The past emphasis on use reduction is found wanting. Total harm related to drugs can be viewed as the product of use and harm per use. Thus, reducing use usually serves to reduce harm. However, in some cases, use reduction programs may increase harm per use so much that they increase overall harm even as they succeed in reducing use. Hence, use reduction goals can be usefully augmented with the explicit objective of reducing the total harm created by the production, distribution, consumption, and control of drugs. Numerous programmatic recommendations flow from this approach.
本文讨论了国家毒品政策的目标是什么，并提出了一套可供选择的目标。过去对减少毒品使用的强调被发现存在不足。与毒品相关的总体危害可被视为使用量与每次使用的危害的乘积。因此，减少使用通常有助于减少危害。然而，在某些情况下，减少使用的项目可能会使每次使用的危害增加如此之多，以至于即使它们成功减少了使用量，总体危害仍会增加。因此，减少毒品使用目标可以通过明确减少毒品生产、分销、消费和管制所造成的总体危害这一目标来得到有益的补充。这种方法产生了许多方案性建议。
