Jonnes J
Am J Public Health. 1995 Aug;85(8 Pt 1):1157-62. doi: 10.2105/ajph.85.8_pt_1.1157.
In the mid-19th century, most American addicts were genteel women hooked on opiates through medical treatment. Within a few decades, a new group of addicts emerged--pleasure users who patronized opium dens. As local laws closed dens, the pleasure users--most often poor young men in northern cities--began experimenting with cocaine and heroin, causing an alarmed government to launch an escalating campaign to root out the new deviant subculture. Various treatment efforts were instituted, from short-lived clinics to federal narcotics farms. This drug use epidemic peaked in the 1920s and was essentially quelled by World War II. This paper briefly discusses differences between early British and US policies and the contemporary implications of this early drug use epidemic.
19世纪中叶，大多数美国瘾君子是优雅的女性，她们因接受药物治疗而对鸦片上瘾。几十年内，一群新的瘾君子出现了——光顾鸦片馆的寻欢作乐者。随着地方法规关闭了鸦片馆，这些寻欢作乐者——大多是北方城市的贫穷年轻男性——开始尝试使用可卡因和海洛因，这使得惊慌失措的政府发起了一场不断升级的运动，以根除这种新的越轨亚文化。人们采取了各种治疗措施，从昙花一现的诊所到联邦麻醉品农场。这场吸毒风潮在20世纪20年代达到顶峰，并在第二次世界大战期间基本得到平息。本文简要讨论了早期英国和美国政策的差异以及这场早期吸毒风潮的当代影响。
