Zeichner-David M, Diekwisch T, Fincham A, Lau E, MacDougall M, Moradian-Oldak J, Simmer J, Snead M, Slavkin H C
Center for Craniofacial Molecular Biology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA.
Int J Dev Biol. 1995 Feb;39(1):69-92.
This review highlights a number of advances towards understanding the sequential developmental cascade of events beginning in the oral ectodermally-derived odontogenic placode and culminating in the formation of the mineralized enamel extracellular matrix. Recent discoveries of growth factors, growth factor receptors and transcription factors associated with instructive epithelial-mesenchymal interactions and subsequent controls for ameloblast cell differentiation are reviewed. The relationship between ameloblast cytology, terminal differentiation and biochemical phenotype are discussed. The tissue-specific gene products characteristic of the ameloblast phenotype as well as their possible functions in formation of the enamel matrix are analyzed as well as the role of maturation-stage ameloblast cells in controlling enamel biomineralization. Finally, pathological conditions in which alterations in the ameloblast or specific gene products result in an abnormal enamel phenotype are reviewed. Clearly, the scientific progress achieved in the last few years concerning the molecular determinants involved in tooth development has been remarkable. However, there remains considerable lack of knowledge regarding the precise mechanisms that control ameloblast differentiation and enamel biomineralization. Anticipated progress continues to require increased international cooperation and collaborations as well as increased utilization of structural biology investigations of enamel extracellular matrix proteins.
本综述着重介绍了在理解从口腔外胚层来源的牙源性基板开始，最终形成矿化釉质细胞外基质的一系列连续发育事件方面取得的一些进展。本文回顾了与指导性上皮-间充质相互作用以及成釉细胞分化后续调控相关的生长因子、生长因子受体和转录因子的最新发现。讨论了成釉细胞细胞学、终末分化与生化表型之间的关系。分析了成釉细胞表型特有的组织特异性基因产物及其在釉质基质形成中的可能功能，以及成熟阶段成釉细胞在控制釉质生物矿化中的作用。最后，综述了成釉细胞或特定基因产物改变导致釉质表型异常的病理状况。显然，过去几年在牙齿发育相关分子决定因素方面取得的科学进展显著。然而，在控制成釉细胞分化和釉质生物矿化的精确机制方面，仍存在相当多的知识空白。预期的进展仍需要加强国际合作与协作，以及更多地利用对釉质细胞外基质蛋白的结构生物学研究。
