Apperson C S, Levine J F, Evans T L, Braswell A, Heller J
Department of Entomology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh 27695-7613, USA.
Exp Appl Acarol. 1993 Oct;17(10):719-31. doi: 10.1007/BF00051830.
The interaction of immature black-legged ticks, Ixodes scapularis, with reptiles and rodents was investigated in various woodland habitats in the coastal plain of North Carolina. Reptiles were sampled from April 1 to September 30, 1991. No ticks were found on 95 specimens representing 16 species of snakes. Ticks were found on 54 (36.7%) of 147 lizards. I. scapularis was the only tick recovered from lizards. Some lizards were collected in drift fence traps each month of the study except August. Capture rates averaged one lizard per 16 trap-days. Larvae and nymphs of I. scapularis were removed from the southeastern five-lined skink (Eumeces inexpectatus), the ground skink (Scincella lateralis), the broad-headed skink (E. laticeps) and the eastern glass lizard (Ophisaurus ventralis), but ticks were not found on three other lizard species. Tick infestation rates and loads for parasitized species are presented. Ticks were almost exclusively attached at the base or in the axils of forelimbs of skinks and in the lateral grooves of eastern glass lizards. Rodents were live-trapped at sites where lizards were sampled and at other sites from 1 July, 1990 to 30 January, 1992. Capture rates averaged one rodent per 47 trap-nights. Ticks were found on 23 (17.8%) of 129 animals inspected. Five species of rodents were examined but only four species were found to be tick-infested. In contrast to lizards, few I. scapularis were collected. Rodents, principally the white-footed mouse (Peromyscus leucopus) and cotton mouse (P. gossypinus) were most frequently infested with immature American dog ticks, Dermacentor variabilis, during winter and early spring months. Burdens of D. variabilis on these rodents averaged 0.3 ticks per rodent. Effects of the diversion of ticks from feeding on Peromyscus mice on the transmission of the Lyme disease spirochete are discussed.
在北卡罗来纳州沿海平原的各种林地栖息地，对未成熟的黑脚蜱（肩突硬蜱）与爬行动物和啮齿动物之间的相互作用进行了研究。1991年4月1日至9月30日对爬行动物进行了采样。在代表16种蛇的95个标本上未发现蜱虫。在147只蜥蜴中，有54只（36.7%）发现有蜱虫。肩突硬蜱是从蜥蜴身上发现的唯一蜱种。除了8月外，在研究的每个月都用漂移围栏陷阱捕获一些蜥蜴。捕获率平均为每16个陷阱日捕获一只蜥蜴。从东南五线石龙子（意外石龙子）、地石龙子（侧纹石龙子）、宽头石龙子（宽头石龙子）和东部玻璃蜥蜴（腹侧蛇蜥）身上采集到了肩突硬蜱的幼虫和若虫，但在其他三种蜥蜴物种上未发现蜱虫。列出了受寄生物种的蜱虫感染率和负荷。蜱虫几乎都附着在石龙子前肢的基部或腋窝处以及东部玻璃蜥蜴的侧沟中。在蜥蜴采样地点和其他地点，于1990年7月1日至1992年1月30日对啮齿动物进行了活体诱捕。捕获率平均为每47个诱捕夜捕获一只啮齿动物。在检查的129只动物中，有23只（17.8%）发现有蜱虫。检查了五种啮齿动物，但只有四种被发现有蜱虫感染。与蜥蜴不同，采集到的肩突硬蜱很少。啮齿动物，主要是白足鼠（白足鼠）和棉鼠（棉鼠），在冬季和早春月份最常感染未成熟的美洲犬蜱（变异革蜱）。这些啮齿动物身上的变异革蜱负荷平均为每只啮齿动物0.3只蜱虫。讨论了蜱虫不再以白足鼠为食对莱姆病螺旋体传播的影响。
