Kotary L, Hoyer W J
Syracuse University, NY 13244-2340, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 1995 Apr-Jun;21(2):159-71. doi: 10.1080/03610739508254275.
Adult age differences in the effects of different types of distractor interference on visual search were examined. Young adults (mean age = 18.5 years) and older adults (mean age = 69.5 years) performed a target-counting task that required a complete search of a visual display in each trial. Varying numbers of targets were presented alone in displays or were interspersed among eight distractor items that were either categorically related (letters) or conceptually related (numbers representing either the correct number or the incorrect number of targets in the display) to the target item (letter Q). An adult age difference in the speed of target enumeration was observed when targets were presented alone in the display. In addition, when targets appeared with distractors, both younger and older adults were penalized more by conceptually interfering distracters than by categorically related distractors. Results did not suggest an age-related decline in inhibitory processes.
研究了不同类型干扰物干扰对视觉搜索影响的成人年龄差异。年轻成年人（平均年龄 = 18.5岁）和年长成年人（平均年龄 = 69.5岁）执行一项目标计数任务，每次试验都需要对视觉显示进行完整搜索。在显示中单独呈现不同数量的目标，或者将目标穿插在八个干扰项中，这些干扰项与目标项（字母Q）要么是类别相关（字母），要么是概念相关（代表显示中目标正确数量或错误数量的数字）。当目标单独呈现在显示中时，观察到了成人在目标计数速度上的年龄差异。此外，当目标与干扰物一起出现时，年轻和年长成年人受到概念性干扰物的惩罚都比受到类别相关干扰物的惩罚更大。结果并未表明抑制过程存在与年龄相关的衰退。
