Folk C L, Lincourt A E
Department of Psychology, Villanova University, PA 19085, USA.
Exp Aging Res. 1996 Jan-Mar;22(1):99-118. doi: 10.1080/03610739608254000.
The effect of age on top-down guidance in visual search for conjunctions of form and motion was examined with a task developed by Driver et al. (1992). Young (mean age = 19.2 years) and old (mean age = 77.3 years) adults searched for a vertically oscillating X among varying numbers of vertically oscillating Os and horizontally oscillating Xs. The ease with which subjects could use top-down guidance to improve search efficiency was manipulated by varying the motion coherence of display items. Overall, older adults produced steeper response-time-display-size slopes than did young adults, and both age groups showed significant reductions in slopes when distractors oscillated coherently. Older adults, however, produced proportionally smaller reductions in slope than did younger adults, suggesting that age affects the efficiency of top-down guidance in conjunction search for form and motion.
运用Driver等人（1992年）开发的一项任务，研究了年龄对视觉搜索形状与运动结合物时自上而下引导的影响。年轻成年人（平均年龄 = 19.2岁）和年长成年人（平均年龄 = 77.3岁）在不同数量的垂直振荡的O和水平振荡的X中搜索垂直振荡的X。通过改变显示项目的运动连贯性，来操控受试者运用自上而下引导提高搜索效率的难易程度。总体而言，年长成年人的反应时间-显示大小斜率比年轻成年人更陡，并且当干扰物连贯振荡时，两个年龄组的斜率均显著降低。然而，年长成年人斜率降低的比例小于年轻成年人，这表明年龄会影响在形状与运动结合搜索中自上而下引导的效率。
