Carceles C M, Escudero E, Baggot J D
Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Murcia, Spain.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther. 1995 Apr;18(2):132-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2885.1995.tb00566.x.
The pharmacokinetic behaviour of an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination was studied after intravenous administration of single doses (20 mg/kg per kg body weight) to five sheep and six goats. The objective was to determine whether there are differences between sheep and goats in the disposition of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The plasma concentration-time data were analysed by compartmental pharmacokinetic and non-compartmental methods. The disposition curves for both drugs were best described by a biexponential equation (two-compartment open model) in sheep and goats. The elimination half-lives of amoxicillin were 1.43 +/- 0.16 h in sheep and 1.13 +/- 0.19 h in goats, and of clavulanic acid were 1.16 +/- 0.01 h and 0.85 +/- 0.09 h in sheep and goats respectively. The apparent volumes of distribution of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid were similar in the two species. Body clearances of amoxicillin were 0.09 +/- 0.01 L/h kg in sheep and 0.11 +/- 0.01 L/h kg in goats, and of clavulanic acid were 0.07 +/- 0.01 L/h kg and 0.12 +/- 0.01 L/h kg in sheep and goats respectively. The half-lives and body clearances of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid differed significantly between sheep and goats. It was concluded that the disposition of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid administered intravenously as an amoxicillin/clavulanic acid combination to sheep and goats differed between the two ruminant species. Even though the differences in disposition kinetics of both drugs were statistically significant, the same intravenous dosing rate of this antimicrobial combination can generally be used in sheep and goats.
对5只绵羊和6只山羊静脉注射单剂量（每千克体重20毫克/千克）的阿莫西林/克拉维酸组合后，研究了其药代动力学行为。目的是确定绵羊和山羊在阿莫西林和克拉维酸处置方面是否存在差异。采用房室药代动力学和非房室方法分析血浆浓度-时间数据。绵羊和山羊体内两种药物的处置曲线均可用双指数方程（二室开放模型）进行最佳描述。绵羊体内阿莫西林的消除半衰期为1.43±0.16小时，山羊为1.13±0.19小时；绵羊体内克拉维酸的消除半衰期为1.16±0.01小时，山羊为0.85±0.09小时。两种动物中阿莫西林和克拉维酸的表观分布容积相似。绵羊体内阿莫西林的机体清除率为0.09±0.01升/小时·千克，山羊为0.11±0.01升/小时·千克；绵羊体内克拉维酸的机体清除率为0.07±0.01升/小时·千克，山羊为0.12±0.01升/小时·千克。绵羊和山羊体内阿莫西林和克拉维酸的半衰期及机体清除率存在显著差异。得出的结论是，对绵羊和山羊静脉注射阿莫西林/克拉维酸组合时，两种反刍动物体内阿莫西林和克拉维酸的处置情况存在差异。尽管两种药物处置动力学的差异具有统计学意义，但该抗菌药物组合通常可采用相同的静脉给药速率用于绵羊和山羊。
