Kurakake S, Nakaji S, Sugawara K, Okamura N, Ohshita Y, Umeda T
Department of Health and Physical Education, Oita Medical University, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1995 Jun;50(2):604-15. doi: 10.1265/jjh.50.604.
This study attempted to measure the physical load on high school baseball players during games played under extremely hot and humid conditions in the summer. The factors used to determine physical load were the following: body weight, oral temperature, blood pressure, heart rate, and serum biochemical elements. These were measured before and after the game. One hundred twenty-six baseball players from 7 high schools participated in this study. All the games were played under conditions of high temperature 34 degrees Celsius dry-bulb, 26 degrees Celsius wet-bulb, 41 degrees Celsius black-globe, 30 degrees WBGT, which are likely to cause heat-related illnesses. The results were as follows. 1) The physical load of baseball players during the game showed a 1.8 percent decrease in average body weight due to perspiration, a 0.35 degrees C increase in oral temperature and an increase in the heart rate. Examination of the serum biochemical elements showed that muscle deviation ferment changed due to muscular activity and blood condensed due to perspiration. The physical load levels of baseball players were influenced more by extreme heat than by exercise during the game. 2) The group of starting players showed higher body weight loss, oral temperature, heart rate, blood condensation and muscle deviation ferment levels than the group of players on the bench due to the difference in the length of exposure to summer heat and the amount of physical exertion. The changes in physical load levels during the game for the group of starting players were greater than those for the group for players on the bench. 3) Considering the changes in body weight, blood condensation and muscle deviation ferment, we can say that physical loads of players differed according to their positions, the pitcher having the greatest load, followed in descending order by the catcher, infielders, and outfielders. It has been recommended that high school baseball players should take different kinds of rest depending on their positions in order to recover from fatigue as soon as possible after a game.
本研究试图测量高中棒球运动员在夏季酷热潮湿条件下比赛时的身体负荷。用于确定身体负荷的因素如下：体重、口腔温度、血压、心率和血清生化元素。这些指标在比赛前后进行测量。来自7所高中的126名棒球运动员参与了本研究。所有比赛均在高温条件下进行，干球温度34摄氏度、湿球温度26摄氏度、黑球温度41摄氏度、湿球黑球温度30摄氏度，这种环境很可能导致与热相关的疾病。结果如下：1）比赛期间棒球运动员的身体负荷表现为，因出汗平均体重下降1.8%，口腔温度升高0.35摄氏度，心率增加。血清生化元素检查表明，肌肉偏差酶因肌肉活动而变化，血液因出汗而浓缩。棒球运动员的身体负荷水平受酷热的影响大于比赛期间的运动。2）由于在夏季高温下暴露的时间长度和体力消耗的量不同，先发球员组的体重减轻、口腔温度、心率、血液浓缩和肌肉偏差酶水平高于替补球员组。比赛期间先发球员组的身体负荷水平变化大于替补球员组。3）考虑到体重、血液浓缩和肌肉偏差酶的变化，我们可以说球员的身体负荷因位置而异，投手的负荷最大，其次依次是捕手、内场手和外场手。建议高中棒球运动员应根据其在比赛中的位置进行不同类型的休息，以便在比赛后尽快从疲劳中恢复。
