Umeda T, Nakaji S, Sugawara K, Kurakake S, Okamura N, Ohshita Y, Sakurai Y, Yoshizawa N
Department of Public Health, National Defense Medical College, Saitama, Japan.
Nihon Eiseigaku Zasshi. 1998 Jan;52(4):641-6. doi: 10.1265/jjh.52.641.
We examined the influence of physical load placed on high school baseball managers during midsummer games under extremely hot and humid conditions. The factors used to determine physical load were the following: body weight, oral temperature, amount of walking, pedometer count, heart rate, and serum biochemical elements. These factors were measured before and after the games. Twenty-two managers participated in this study. All games were played under high temperatures of 32.4 +/- 3.5 (mean +/- S.D) degrees Celsius dry-bulb, 27.1 +/- 3.0 degrees Celsius wet-bulb, 33.8 +/- 3.6 degrees Celsius black-glove, 29.1 +/- 3.3 degrees WBGT, which are likely to cause heart-related illness. The results were as follows. 1. After the games, significant body weight loss and oral temperature rise were found. Those findings were thought to be caused by the rise in oral temperature in a hot environment which was accompanied by hyperhidrosis. 2. The average hemoconcentration ratio based on the changes in total protein during the games was 105 percent, suggesting that hemoconcentration and dehydration were caused by sweating in a hot environment. 3. A significant increase in total protein, albumin, LDH, high density lipoprotein cholesterol, calcium, hemoglobin, and a decrease in triglyceride were observed after the games, which were thought to be influenced by sweating and by increased metabolism in a hot environment. 4. The values of triglyceride, Fe, uric nitrogen, calcium and hemoglobin after the games which were adjusted by the hemoconcentration ratio were significantly lower than those before the games. 5. A prolonged game time caused a significant increase in total protein value during the games and a decrease in hemoglobin between the level before the games and the adjusted level after the games compared with those values in the short game time group. From the above, even though high school baseball managers join in practices in a hot environment and become accustomed to it, we found that they had a great physical load on their bodies during the games in midsummer.
我们研究了在酷热潮湿的仲夏比赛期间，高强度的体力负荷对高中棒球比赛管理人员的影响。用于确定体力负荷的因素如下：体重、口腔温度、行走距离、计步器计数、心率和血清生化指标。这些因素在比赛前后进行测量。22名管理人员参与了这项研究。所有比赛均在高温环境下进行，干球温度为32.4±3.5（平均值±标准差）摄氏度，湿球温度为27.1±3.0摄氏度，黑球温度为33.8±3.6摄氏度，湿球黑球温度为29.1±3.3摄氏度，这种环境很可能引发与心脏相关的疾病。结果如下：1. 比赛后，体重显著下降，口腔温度升高。这些结果被认为是由于高温环境下口腔温度升高并伴有多汗症所致。2. 根据比赛期间总蛋白变化计算的平均血液浓缩率为105%，表明高温环境下出汗导致血液浓缩和脱水。3. 比赛后观察到总蛋白、白蛋白、乳酸脱氢酶、高密度脂蛋白胆固醇、钙、血红蛋白显著增加，甘油三酯降低，这些变化被认为是由出汗和高温环境下新陈代谢增加所影响。4. 经血液浓缩率调整后的比赛后甘油三酯、铁、尿酸氮、钙和血红蛋白值显著低于比赛前。5. 与短比赛时间组相比，比赛时间延长导致比赛期间总蛋白值显著增加，比赛前水平与调整后的比赛后水平之间的血红蛋白降低。综上所述，尽管高中棒球管理人员在炎热环境中参加训练并逐渐适应，但我们发现他们在仲夏比赛期间身体承受着巨大的体力负荷。
