Holtgrave D R, Qualls N L, Curran J W, Valdiserri R O, Guinan M E, Parra W C
Office of the Associate Director for HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA, USA.
Public Health Rep. 1995 Mar-Apr;110(2):134-46.
Because of the enormity of the HIV-AIDS epidemic and the urgency for preventing transmission, HIV prevention programs are a high priority for careful and timely evaluations. Information on program effectiveness and efficiency is needed for decision-making about future HIV prevention priorities. General characteristics of successful HIV prevention programs, programs empirically evaluated and found to change (or not change) high-risk behaviors or in need of further empirical study, and economic evaluations of certain programs are described and summarized with attention limited to programs that have a behavioral basis. HIV prevention programs have an impact on averting or reducing risk behaviors, particularly when they are delivered with sufficient resources, intensity, and cultural competency and are based on a firm foundation of behavioral and social science theory and past research. Economic evaluations have found that some of these behaviorally based programs yield net economic benefits to society, and others are likely cost-effective (even if not cost-saving) relative to other health programs. Still, specific improvements should be made in certain HIV prevention programs.
鉴于艾滋病毒/艾滋病疫情的严重性以及预防传播的紧迫性，艾滋病毒预防项目是需要认真及时评估的高度优先事项。在确定未来艾滋病毒预防重点时，需要有关项目有效性和效率的信息。本文描述并总结了成功的艾滋病毒预防项目的一般特征、经实证评估发现能改变（或未改变）高危行为或需要进一步实证研究的项目，以及对某些项目的经济评估，重点限于具有行为基础的项目。艾滋病毒预防项目对避免或减少风险行为有影响，特别是当项目有足够资源、强度和文化能力支持，并基于行为和社会科学理论及以往研究的坚实基础时。经济评估发现，其中一些基于行为的项目为社会带来了净经济效益，而其他项目相对于其他卫生项目可能具有成本效益（即使不节省成本）。不过，某些艾滋病毒预防项目仍需具体改进。
