Shear N H, Gupta A K
Division of Dermatology, Sunnybrook Health Science Center, Ontario.
Arch Dermatol. 1995 Aug;131(8):937-42.
Onychomycosis of the nails includes fungal infection caused by primary nail pathogens that invade the healthy nail plate and secondary invasion in nails with preexisting disease. Onychomycosis may be due to secondary infection from tinea pedis and is the most common nail disease, accounting for roughly 30% of all cutaneous fungal infections. In a survey of 9332 British adults, 16 years of age and older, the prevalence of dermatophyte infection was 2.6% to 2.8%. In subjects 55 years of age or older, the prevalence was 4.7%. In the United States, a similar prevalence has been reported. Onychomycosis can have a significant psychological effect on the subject. In a North American study, the relative composition of isolates from nails was dermatophytes (91%), yeasts (5%), and molds (4%). Candida is isolated predominantly from fingernails. Uncommonly, there are mixed infections. In other parts of the world, the frequency of these agents may vary.
甲癣包括由原发性甲病原体引起的真菌感染，这些病原体侵入健康的甲板，以及在已有疾病的指甲中继发感染。甲癣可能是足癣继发感染所致，是最常见的指甲疾病，约占所有皮肤真菌感染的30%。在一项对9332名16岁及以上英国成年人的调查中，皮肤癣菌感染的患病率为2.6%至2.8%。在55岁及以上的人群中，患病率为4.7%。在美国，也报告了类似的患病率。甲癣会对患者产生重大的心理影响。在一项北美研究中，从指甲分离出的菌株相对组成是皮肤癣菌（91%）、酵母菌（5%）和霉菌（4%）。念珠菌主要从指甲中分离出来。罕见的情况下会有混合感染。在世界其他地区，这些病原体的频率可能有所不同。
