Trüeb R M
Department of Dermatology, University Hospital, Zürich, Switzerland.
Cutis. 1995 Mar;55(3):178-9.
Localized occipital alopecia may result from traction of the hair necessary to form and maintain a bun (chignon) in the occipital region. Marginal alopecia in the patient whose hair is drawn firmly back is more familiar, although traction may lead to loss of hair at any site of the scalp depending on the hairdressing techniques used. Three women were seen with localized alopecia of the occipital scalp associated with the wearing of a chignon. They had previously been uniformly misdiagnosed as having alopecia areata. "Chignon alopecia" should be ruled out when the diagnosis of persistent alopecia areata at the level of the lambda is considered. A distinctive histopathologic finding is perifollicular fibrosis extending into the subcutaneous fat. Traumatic alopecia is classified with respect to the type of trauma, localization, and pattern within the hairy scalp.
局限性枕部脱发可能是由于在枕部形成并维持发髻（盘发）时牵拉头发所致。头发被紧紧向后梳的患者出现边缘性脱发更为常见，不过根据所采用的美发技术，牵拉可能导致头皮任何部位脱发。有三名女性因佩戴发髻出现枕部头皮局限性脱发。她们之前均被误诊为斑秃。当考虑诊断为位于人字缝水平的持续性斑秃时，应排除“发髻性脱发”。一个独特的组织病理学表现是毛囊周围纤维化延伸至皮下脂肪。创伤性脱发根据创伤类型、部位以及头皮毛发区域的分布模式进行分类。
