Moulder J E, Foster K R
Department of Radiation Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee 53226, USA.
Proc Soc Exp Biol Med. 1995 Sep;209(4):309-24. doi: 10.3181/00379727-209-43905a.
There is a widespread public perception that exposure to electricity is linked to cancer. The public concern stems largely from epidemiological studies which appear to show a relationship between cancer incidence and exposure to power-frequency electromagnetic fields. This review will discuss the biophysics of power-frequency electromagnetic fields as it relates to biological effects, summarize the current state of the cancer epidemiology, and then concentrate on the laboratory studies that are relevant to addressing the possibility that power-frequency fields are carcinogenic. Review of the epidemiological evidence shows that the association between exposure to power-frequency fields and cancer is weak and inconsistent, and generally fails to show a dose-response relationship. The laboratory studies of power-frequency fields show little evidence of the type of effects on cells or animals that point towards power-frequency fields causing or contributing to cancer. Finally, from what is known about the biophysics of power-frequency fields, there is no reason to even suspect that they would cause or contribute to cancer. Application of "Hill's criteria" to epidemiological and laboratory studies shows that the evidence for a causal association between exposure to power-frequency fields and the incidence of cancer is weak.
公众普遍认为接触电与癌症有关。公众的担忧主要源于流行病学研究，这些研究似乎表明癌症发病率与接触工频电磁场之间存在关联。本综述将讨论与生物效应相关的工频电磁场生物物理学，总结癌症流行病学的现状，然后重点关注与解决工频场是否致癌可能性相关的实验室研究。对流行病学证据的回顾表明，接触工频场与癌症之间的关联微弱且不一致，通常也未显示出剂量反应关系。对工频场的实验室研究几乎没有证据表明其对细胞或动物产生的那种指向工频场导致或促成癌症的效应。最后，根据已知的工频场生物物理学知识，甚至没有理由怀疑它们会导致或促成癌症。将“希尔标准”应用于流行病学和实验室研究表明，接触工频场与癌症发病率之间存在因果关联的证据很薄弱。
