Wortley P M, Chu S Y, Diaz T, Ward J W, Doyle B, Davidson A J, Checko P J, Herr M, Conti L, Fann S A
Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
AIDS. 1995 May;9(5):487-92.
To describe the location of, primary reason for, and time between the first positive HIV test and AIDS diagnosis in a sample of persons with newly diagnosed AIDS.
Interviews supplementing information routinely collected through AIDS case reporting.
Eleven US states and cities.
Persons with AIDS (2441) diagnosed between January 1990 and December 1992.
Location of first positive HIV test, primary reason for testing, and time interval between first positive HIV test and AIDS diagnosis.
Overall, persons were tested late in their course of HIV infection: 36% were tested for HIV within 2 months and 51% within 1 year of their AIDS diagnosis. Sixty-five per cent were HIV-tested in acute health-care settings: 33% in hospitals, 28% in physicians' offices, and 4% in emergency departments. Testing during hospitalization was most common among injecting drug users (43%) and persons infected through heterosexual contact (50%). Persons primarily sought HIV testing because of illness (58%); other reasons included being in a known risk group (13%) and having had a known HIV-infected sex partner (8%). Testing because of being in a known risk group was least common among persons infected through heterosexual contact (1%). Among persons in these exposure categories, testing differed by race/ethnicity.
Most persons with AIDS were tested relatively late in their course of HIV infection, in acute health-care settings, and because of illness. Not knowing one's serostatus precludes early medical intervention and may increase transmission.
描述新诊断艾滋病患者样本中首次HIV检测呈阳性的地点、主要原因以及从首次HIV检测呈阳性到艾滋病诊断之间的时间间隔。
通过补充艾滋病病例报告中常规收集的信息进行访谈。
美国11个州和城市。
1990年1月至1992年12月期间诊断为艾滋病的患者（2441例）。
首次HIV检测呈阳性的地点、检测的主要原因以及首次HIV检测呈阳性到艾滋病诊断之间的时间间隔。
总体而言，患者在HIV感染过程中接受检测较晚：36%在艾滋病诊断后2个月内接受HIV检测，51%在1年内接受检测。65%在急性医疗环境中接受HIV检测：33%在医院，28%在医生办公室，4%在急诊科。住院期间检测在注射吸毒者（43%）和通过异性接触感染的人（50%）中最为常见。患者主要因患病寻求HIV检测（58%）；其他原因包括属于已知风险人群（13%）和有已知的HIV感染性伴侣（8%）。因属于已知风险人群而进行检测在通过异性接触感染的人中最不常见（1%）。在这些暴露类别中的人群中，检测因种族/民族而异。
大多数艾滋病患者在HIV感染过程中接受检测相对较晚，在急性医疗环境中，且因患病。不知道自己的血清学状态会妨碍早期医疗干预，并可能增加传播。
