Desmoulière A
CNRS-URS 1459, Institut Pasteur de Lyon, France.
Cell Biol Int. 1995 May;19(5):471-6. doi: 10.1006/cbir.1995.1090.
Granulation tissue fibroblasts (myofibroblasts) develop several ultrastructural and biochemical features of smooth muscle (SM) cells, including the presence of microfilaments bundles and the expression of alpha-SM actin, the actin isoform typical of contractile vascular SM cells. Myofibroblasts have been suggested to play a role in wound contraction and in retractile phenomena observed during fibrotic diseases. When granulation tissue evolves into a scar, myofibroblasts containing alpha-SM actin disappear, probably as a result of apoptosis. In contrast myofibroblasts expressing alpha-Sm actin persist in excessive scarring and in fibrotic conditions. The mechanisms leading to the development of myofibroblastic features remain to be investigated. Studies on the factors regulating the phenotype of myofibroblasts will be necessary for understanding their behavior in vivo, and possibly modifying this behavior during the different clinical settings.
肉芽组织成纤维细胞（肌成纤维细胞）呈现出平滑肌（SM）细胞的几种超微结构和生化特征，包括微丝束的存在以及α-SM肌动蛋白的表达，α-SM肌动蛋白是收缩性血管SM细胞典型的肌动蛋白异构体。有人提出肌成纤维细胞在伤口收缩以及纤维化疾病期间观察到的收缩现象中发挥作用。当肉芽组织演变成瘢痕时，含有α-SM肌动蛋白的肌成纤维细胞消失，这可能是细胞凋亡的结果。相反，表达α-Sm肌动蛋白的肌成纤维细胞在过度瘢痕形成和纤维化情况下持续存在。导致肌成纤维细胞特征形成的机制仍有待研究。研究调节肌成纤维细胞表型的因素对于了解它们在体内的行为，并可能在不同临床情况下改变这种行为是必要的。
