Hebda P A, Collins M A, Tharp M D
Department of Dermatology, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pennsylvania.
Dermatol Clin. 1993 Oct;11(4):685-96.
Growing evidence in the literature indicates that mast cells are integrally involved in the process of dermal wound repair. They are resident cells of the normal dermis and have several cytokines stored in their granules that are stimulatory to fibroblasts. They also contain serine proteases that may be involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix during healing. Mast cells are found in increased numbers in acute wounds and in certain chronic fibrotic diseases. Their influence on fibroblast growth and collagen production may be an important element in fibrosis. The effects of mast cell mediators on dermal fibroblasts are currently being explored by our laboratory and others. Myofibroblasts are implicated in the phenomenon of wound contraction. These phenotypically altered fibroblasts express some features of smooth muscle cells, notably actin filaments, and are abundant in granulation tissue. It has been proposed that they are responsible for wound contraction and possibly certain types of contracture. However, this hypothesis has been challenged by studies demonstrating the presence of myofibroblasts in wounds that do not contract, or the process of contraction in vitro in the absence of myofibroblasts. At this time the issue remains open to debate and further research.
文献中越来越多的证据表明，肥大细胞在皮肤伤口修复过程中起着不可或缺的作用。它们是正常真皮中的常驻细胞，其颗粒中储存有多种对成纤维细胞有刺激作用的细胞因子。它们还含有丝氨酸蛋白酶，可能参与愈合过程中细胞外基质的重塑。在急性伤口和某些慢性纤维化疾病中，肥大细胞的数量会增加。它们对成纤维细胞生长和胶原蛋白产生的影响可能是纤维化的一个重要因素。目前，我们实验室和其他机构正在探索肥大细胞介质对真皮成纤维细胞的影响。肌成纤维细胞与伤口收缩现象有关。这些表型改变的成纤维细胞表现出一些平滑肌细胞的特征，尤其是肌动蛋白丝，并且在肉芽组织中大量存在。有人提出，它们负责伤口收缩以及可能的某些类型的挛缩。然而，这一假设受到了一些研究的挑战，这些研究表明在不收缩的伤口中存在肌成纤维细胞，或者在没有肌成纤维细胞的情况下体外发生收缩过程。目前，这个问题仍有待辩论和进一步研究。
