Szlyk J P, Seiple W, Viana M
West Side Veterans Administration Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
Hum Factors. 1995 Jun;37(2):430-6. doi: 10.1518/001872095779064645.
The aim of this study was to determine the relative effects of age and compromised vision on driving-related skills and on-road accidents. A total of 107 subjects were tested. They represented four groups that varied in age and visual status, as follows: (1) a younger, normally sighted group; (2) an older, normally sighted group; (3) a younger, visually compromised group; and (4) an older, visually compromised group. Driving performance was assessed by self-reported and state-recorded accident frequency and by an evaluation of performance on an interactive driving simulator. The older groups had poorer driving-related skills, as measured with our interactive driving simulator, than had the younger groups, but they did not have significantly higher on-road accident rates than the younger groups. The older subjects and those with compromised vision had reduced risk-taking scores, as measured with a self-report questionnaire. In addition, all older drivers had increased eye movements and had slower simulator driving speeds, which suggests that behavioral compensation is made for visuocognitive/motor deficits. Regression analyses showed that compromised vision and visual field loss predicted real-world accidents in our study population.
本研究的目的是确定年龄和视力受损对驾驶相关技能及道路交通事故的相对影响。总共对107名受试者进行了测试。他们代表了年龄和视力状况各不相同的四组人群，具体如下：（1）年轻、视力正常组；（2）年长、视力正常组；（3）年轻、视力受损组；（4）年长、视力受损组。通过自我报告和官方记录的事故频率以及对交互式驾驶模拟器上的表现进行评估来衡量驾驶性能。与年轻组相比，使用我们的交互式驾驶模拟器测量发现，年长组的驾驶相关技能较差，但他们的道路事故发生率并未显著高于年轻组。通过自我报告问卷测量发现，年长受试者和视力受损者的冒险得分较低。此外，所有年长驾驶员的眼球运动增加，且在模拟器上的驾驶速度较慢，这表明他们针对视觉认知/运动缺陷进行了行为补偿。回归分析表明，在我们的研究人群中，视力受损和视野缺损可预测现实世界中的事故。
