Hilt W, Wolf D H
Institut für Biochemie der Universität Stuttgart.
Naturwissenschaften. 1995 Jun;82(6):257-68. doi: 10.1007/BF01134523.
Proteasomes are large multicatalytic protease complexes which fulfill central functions in major proteolytic pathways of the eukaryotic cell. Two types of proteasomes are known: the cylindrically shaped 20S proteasome (700 kDa) and the 26S proteasome (1700 kDa) which contains the 20S proteasome as a functional core. Proteasomes are needed for stress-dependent and ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. They are involved in degradation of abnormal, short-lived, and regulatory proteins. Proteasomes are important for cell differentiation and adaptation to environmental changes. Proteasomes have been shown to function in the control of the cell cycle and are suggested to be involved in antigen presentation by processing of intracellular proteins to antigenic peptides.
蛋白酶体是大型多催化蛋白酶复合物，在真核细胞的主要蛋白水解途径中发挥核心作用。已知有两种类型的蛋白酶体：圆柱形的20S蛋白酶体（700 kDa）和包含20S蛋白酶体作为功能核心的26S蛋白酶体（1700 kDa）。蛋白酶体是应激依赖性和泛素介导的蛋白水解所必需的。它们参与异常、短命和调节蛋白的降解。蛋白酶体对细胞分化和适应环境变化很重要。已证明蛋白酶体在细胞周期控制中发挥作用，并被认为通过将细胞内蛋白加工成抗原肽参与抗原呈递。
