Müller W E
Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Universität, Mainz.
Naturwissenschaften. 1995 Jul;82(7):321-9. doi: 10.1007/BF01131528.
The phylogenetic relationships within the kingdom Animalia (Metazoa) have long been questioned. Focusing on the lowest eukaryotic multicellular organisms, the metazoan phylum Porifera (sponges), it remained unsolved if they evolved multicellularity independently from a separate protist lineage (polyphyly of animals) of derived from the same protist group as the other animal phyla (monophyly). After having analyzed genes typical for multicellularity (adhesion molecules/receptors and a nuclear receptor), we present evidence that Porifera should be placed in the kingdom Animalia. We therefore suggest a monophyletic origin for all animals.
动物界（后生动物）内部的系统发育关系长期以来一直受到质疑。以最低等的真核多细胞生物——后生动物门多孔动物门（海绵）为研究对象，它们是从一个独立的原生生物谱系独立进化出多细胞性（动物的多系起源），还是与其他动物门一样源自同一原生生物群体（单系起源），这一问题仍未得到解决。在分析了多细胞性典型的基因（黏附分子/受体和一种核受体）之后，我们提出证据表明多孔动物门应归属于动物界。因此，我们认为所有动物都起源于单系。
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