May C P, Kane M J, Hasher L
Department of Psychology, Social and Health Sciences, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA.
Psychol Bull. 1995 Jul;118(1):35-54. doi: 10.1037/0033-2909.118.1.35.
The negative priming task is widely used to investigate attentional inhibition. A critical review of the negative priming literature considers various parameters of the task (e.g., time course, relation to interference, level of occurence, and susceptibility to changes in task context). It takes into account life span data and the performance of patients diagnosed with schizophrenia. On these bases, the review suggests that negative priming can be produced by 2 mechanisms: memorial and inhibitory. With respect to inhibition, the review suggests that (a) there are 2 systems, one responsible for identity and the other for location information; and (b) inhibition is a flexible, postselection process operating to prevent recently rejected information from quickly regaining access to effectors, thus helping to establish coherence among selected thought and action streams.
负启动任务被广泛用于研究注意抑制。对负启动文献的批判性综述考虑了该任务的各种参数（例如，时间进程、与干扰的关系、发生水平以及对任务情境变化的敏感性）。它考虑了寿命数据以及被诊断为精神分裂症患者的表现。基于这些依据，该综述表明负启动可由两种机制产生：记忆机制和抑制机制。关于抑制，该综述表明：（a）存在两个系统，一个负责身份信息，另一个负责位置信息；（b）抑制是一个灵活的、选择后过程，其作用是防止最近被拒绝的信息迅速重新获得对效应器的访问，从而有助于在所选择的思维和行动流之间建立连贯性。
