Smith A L, Gill D L, Crews D J, Hopewell R, Morgan D W
Department of Exercise and Movement Science, University of Oregon, USA.
Res Q Exerc Sport. 1995 Jun;66(2):142-50. doi: 10.1080/02701367.1995.10762221.
The purpose of this investigation was twofold: (a) to compare most and least economical runners on use of attentional strategies and (b) to determine whether the least economical runners within the subject sample could improve running economy (RE) with the use of an active associative (relaxation) attentional strategy. Subjects (N = 36) completed an initial assessment of attentional style and RE; then the 12 least economical runners ran in each of three laboratory sessions using control, passive associative, and active associative attentional strategies. Results showed that the most economical and least economical runners did not differ in associative style use. The most economical runners, however, reported less dissociation use and more use of relaxation than did the least economical runners. No significant physiological or psychological changes were associated with any of the three attentional strategy conditions. The findings are related to possible differences in how most and least economical runners use associative strategies.
（a）比较最经济和最不经济的跑步者在注意力策略使用方面的情况；（b）确定受试者样本中最不经济的跑步者是否可以通过使用主动联想（放松）注意力策略来提高跑步经济性（RE）。受试者（N = 36）完成了注意力风格和RE的初始评估；然后，12名最不经济的跑步者在三个实验室环节中分别采用控制、被动联想和主动联想注意力策略进行跑步。结果表明，最经济和最不经济的跑步者在联想风格使用上没有差异。然而，最经济的跑步者报告的解离使用较少，放松使用比最不经济的跑步者更多。三种注意力策略条件中的任何一种都没有伴随显著的生理或心理变化。这些发现与最经济和最不经济的跑步者在使用联想策略方面可能存在的差异有关。
