Joseph J C, Baker C, Sprang M L, Bermes E W
Ann Clin Lab Sci. 1978 Mar-Apr;8(2):130-41.
Changes in maternal plasma proteins during pregnancy are now well documented. These changes may be quantitative, as seen in the electrophoretically separated fractions of serum and in the various binding globulins; or they may be represented by the appearance of a protein which is present only in the serum of pregnant women. These include the placental isoenzyme of alkaline phosphatase, oxytocinase, human chorionic gonadotropin and the "pregnancy-associated plasma proteins." Other constituents, such as alpha-fetoprotein, salivary amylase, prolactin and the proteins of the "pregnancy zone," which are present in small quantities in non-pregnant women as well as in men, show a substantial increase in concentration in the maternal circulation during pregnancy. An important factor in the etiology of protein changes is the effect of hormones, especially estrogen, on the synthesis and degradation of these proteins. While certain quantitative changes such as those seen in hormone binding proteins may interfere with diagnostic procedures, a number of pregnancy-associated changes in protein composition of the maternal circulation may be used to follow the course of pregnancy by monitoring placental function as well as fetal maturity and well being.
孕期母体血浆蛋白的变化如今已有充分记录。这些变化可能是定量的，如血清电泳分离组分及各种结合球蛋白中所见；或者可能表现为仅存在于孕妇血清中的一种蛋白质的出现。这些包括碱性磷酸酶的胎盘同工酶、催产素酶、人绒毛膜促性腺激素以及“妊娠相关血浆蛋白”。其他成分，如甲胎蛋白、唾液淀粉酶、催乳素以及“妊娠区”的蛋白质，在非孕妇及男性体内也有少量存在，孕期母体循环中其浓度会大幅升高。蛋白质变化病因中的一个重要因素是激素，尤其是雌激素，对这些蛋白质合成与降解的影响。虽然某些定量变化，如激素结合蛋白中的变化，可能会干扰诊断程序，但母体循环中许多与妊娠相关的蛋白质组成变化可用于通过监测胎盘功能以及胎儿成熟度和健康状况来追踪孕期进程。
