Walker L O, Sandor M K, Sands D
Issues Compr Pediatr Nurs. 1994 Oct-Dec;17(4):179-95. doi: 10.3109/01460869409078304.
The purpose of this study was to test the effects of a self-help nursing intervention on adolescent psychosocial competence. A community sample of 139 adolescents was assigned to three conditions (intervention, delayed intervention, and control) within a pretest-posttest design. The self-help nursing intervention was a 9-page, 14-step self-help workbook for use by adolescents in dealing with upsetting situations in day-to-day living. After a self-assessment of coping, subsequent workbook steps aided adolescents in developing alternate coping responses and generating other ways to deal with the upsetting situation. Adolescents in the three conditions did not differ on pretest measures of psychosocial competence: problem-solving appraisal, adolescent self-perception, and general self-efficacy. After statistically controlling for pretest scores, gender, and age, the intervention group showed more favorable self-perceptions in scholastic competence, social acceptance, and conduct/morality compared with the control group. However, expected differences in the delayed intervention group failed to appear. Thus, anticipated benefits in psychosocial competence were found inconsistently. Although not predicted, significant reductions in the prevalence of negative affect occurred among adolescents in both intervention groups. Overall, the self-help format for delivering psychosocial competence training lacked the power needed to bring about consistent benefits for adolescents. Testing the self-help workbook in a group context is recommended in future nursing intervention research.
本研究的目的是测试自助护理干预对青少年心理社会能力的影响。在一项前测-后测设计中，从社区抽取了139名青少年样本，将其分为三组（干预组、延迟干预组和对照组）。自助护理干预是一本9页、共14步的自助工作手册，供青少年用于应对日常生活中的令人苦恼的情况。在对应对方式进行自我评估之后，工作手册后续的步骤帮助青少年形成替代性的应对反应，并找到处理令人苦恼情况的其他方法。三组青少年在心理社会能力的前测指标上没有差异，这些指标包括问题解决评估、青少年自我认知和一般自我效能感。在对前测分数、性别和年龄进行统计学控制之后，与对照组相比，干预组在学业能力、社会接纳度和行为/道德方面表现出更积极的自我认知。然而，延迟干预组并未出现预期的差异。因此，心理社会能力方面预期的益处并不一致。尽管未作预测，但两个干预组中的青少年消极情绪发生率均显著降低。总体而言，提供心理社会能力培训的自助形式缺乏为青少年带来持续益处所需的效力。建议在未来的护理干预研究中在小组环境下测试这本自助工作手册。
