Tibballs J
Intensive Care Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC.
Med J Aust. 1995 Aug 21;163(4):177-80. doi: 10.5694/j.1326-5377.1995.tb124516.x.
To determine the symptoms and signs of eucalyptus oil poisoning in infants and young children, to estimate the toxic dose and to recommend management strategies.
Retrospective analysis of case histories of children admitted to the Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 1992 with a diagnosis of eucalyptus oil poisoning.
Demographic data, circumstances of ingestion, doses, clinical effects, management, complications and duration of hospital stay.
109 children (mean age, 23.5 months; range, 0.5-107) were admitted; clinical effects were observed in 59%. Thirty-one (28%) had depression of conscious state; 27 were drowsy, three were unconscious after ingesting known or estimated volumes of between 5 mL and 10 mL, and one was unconscious with hypoventilation after ingesting an estimated 75 mL. Vomiting occurred in 37%, ataxia in 15% and pulmonary disease in 11%. No treatment was given for 12%. Ipecac or oral activated charcoal was given for 21%, nasogastric charcoal for 57%, and gastric lavage without anaesthesia for 4% and under anaesthesia for 6%. All patients recovered. Hazardous treatment and overtreatment were common. For 105 children, mean hospital stay was 22 hours (range, 4-72 h) and for 13 patients mean intensive care unit stay was 18 hours (range, 4-29 h). In 27 patients who ingested known doses of eucalyptus oil, 10 had nil effects after a mean of 1.7 mL, 11 had minor poisoning after a mean of 2.0 mL, five had moderate poisoning after a mean of 2.5 mL and one had major poisoning after 7.5 mL (P = 0.0198).
Ingestion of eucalyptus oil caused significant morbidity in infants and young children. Significant depression of conscious state should be anticipated after ingestion of 5 mL or more of 100% oil. Minor depression of consciousness may occur after 2-3 mL. Airway protection should precede gastric lavage.
确定婴幼儿桉叶油中毒的症状和体征，估算中毒剂量并推荐处理策略。
对1981年1月1日至1992年12月31日期间入住墨尔本皇家儿童医院且诊断为桉叶油中毒的儿童病历进行回顾性分析。
人口统计学数据、摄入情况、剂量、临床效应、处理方式、并发症及住院时间。
共收治109名儿童（平均年龄23.5个月；范围0.5 - 107个月）；59%出现临床效应。31名（28%）有意识状态抑制；27名嗜睡，3名在摄入已知或估算量5至10毫升后昏迷，1名在摄入估算量75毫升后昏迷且通气不足。37%出现呕吐，15%出现共济失调，11%出现肺部疾病。12%未接受治疗。21%给予吐根糖浆或口服活性炭，57%给予鼻饲活性炭，4%在未麻醉下行洗胃，6%在麻醉下行洗胃。所有患者均康复。不当治疗和过度治疗很常见。105名儿童的平均住院时间为22小时（范围4 - 72小时），13名患者在重症监护病房的平均停留时间为18小时（范围4 - 29小时）。在27名摄入已知剂量桉叶油的患者中，10名在平均摄入1.7毫升后无效应，11名在平均摄入2.0毫升后出现轻度中毒，5名在平均摄入2.5毫升后出现中度中毒，1名在摄入7.5毫升后出现重度中毒（P = 0.0198）。
摄入桉叶油可导致婴幼儿出现显著发病情况。摄入5毫升或更多100%的桉叶油后应预期会出现显著的意识状态抑制。摄入2 - 3毫升后可能出现轻度意识抑制。洗胃前应先保护气道。
