DeJong W, Drachman J, Gortmaker S L
Department of Health and Social Behavior, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
Milbank Q. 1995;73(3):463-79.
Required request laws that mandate hospital personnel to request organ donations have not substantially increased the supply of organs for transplantation. Frustration caused by the continuing shortage of organs has led several experts to promote controversial options for expanding the pool of available organs, including the offer of financial incentives. Pilot programs to test the use of incentives are warranted, but such experiments must be approached cautiously, given the moral qualms they might raise and the availability of other options. One promising strategy is to install standardized hospital procedures to ensure that all potential donors are identified, that every family is approached about the possibility of donation, and that the request is properly structured. The second strategy is to refocus public education to encourage family discussion about organ donation so that the families of those individuals who are disposed to donate will be more likely to grant consent when asked.
要求医院工作人员必须请求进行器官捐赠的相关法律，并未显著增加可用于移植的器官供应。器官持续短缺所引发的挫败感，促使一些专家提出了一些有争议的扩大可用器官库的方案，包括提供经济激励措施。开展测试激励措施使用情况的试点项目是有必要的，但鉴于这些措施可能引发的道德疑虑以及其他选择的存在，此类试验必须谨慎进行。一个有前景的策略是制定标准化的医院程序，以确保识别出所有潜在捐赠者，与每个家庭探讨捐赠的可能性，并以恰当的方式提出请求。第二个策略是重新调整公众教育的重点，鼓励家庭就器官捐赠进行讨论，以便那些倾向于捐赠的人的家属在被请求时更有可能给予同意。
