Barnett A H, Blair R D, Kaserman D L
Department of Economics, Auburn University, AL 36849-5242.
Inquiry. 1992 Fall;29(3):372-8.
Proposals suggesting monetary compensation of organ donors to increase donation rates for transplantation are founded on the ethical premise that the principal criterion for organ procurement policy should be patients' health and not the personal preferences and philosophies of policymakers. In this paper, we argue that a market-based organ procurement system is superior to both the current altruistic-based system and a system based on compensation without a market. A market system would address both the problem of potential donors refusing to donate and that of their never being asked, whereas the altruistic system addresses neither problem and a system of compensation addresses only the former. Empirical evidence suggests that the latter (not being asked) is the predominant cause of the current shortage of organs. Our discussion shows that collection rates are likely to be substantially higher under a market system.
提议对器官捐赠者给予金钱补偿以提高移植器官的捐赠率，其伦理前提是器官获取政策的主要标准应是患者的健康，而非政策制定者的个人偏好和理念。在本文中，我们认为基于市场的器官获取系统优于当前基于利他主义的系统以及基于无市场补偿的系统。市场系统既能解决潜在捐赠者拒绝捐赠的问题，也能解决他们从未被询问的问题，而利他主义系统两个问题都解决不了，补偿系统仅能解决前者。实证证据表明，后者（未被询问）是当前器官短缺的主要原因。我们的讨论表明，在市场系统下采集率可能会大幅提高。
