Chouaid C, Housset B
Service de pneumologie, Centre hospitalier intercommunal de Créteil.
Rev Prat. 1995 May 15;45(10):1227-31.
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a frequent disease which is too often diagnosed when already severe. Major known risk factors are tobacco smoking, occupational exposure, and severe respiratory infections during childhood. Diagnostic should be evoked on functional non specific symptoms: chronic cough and sputum, progressive dyspnea. Some physical signs, correlated with the degree of airway obstruction, may be more specific but their diagnostic value remains to be assessed. These signs reflect distension of the chest as well as airway obstruction: pursed lips breathing, increased expiration duration, Hoover and Campbell signs, inspiratory contraction of scalen muscles. COPD results over years in chronic respiratory insufficiency and evolution is associated with episodes of bronchial and parenchymal infections as well as pulmonary emboli which are particularly frequent in these patients.
慢性阻塞性肺疾病（COPD）是一种常见疾病，往往在病情已很严重时才被诊断出来。已知的主要危险因素包括吸烟、职业暴露以及儿童时期的严重呼吸道感染。应根据功能性非特异性症状进行诊断：慢性咳嗽、咳痰、进行性呼吸困难。一些与气道阻塞程度相关的体征可能更具特异性，但其诊断价值仍有待评估。这些体征反映了胸廓扩张以及气道阻塞情况：缩唇呼吸、呼气时间延长、胡佛征和坎贝尔征、斜角肌吸气时收缩。多年来，慢性阻塞性肺疾病会导致慢性呼吸功能不全，其病情进展与支气管和肺实质感染发作以及肺栓塞有关，而这些在这些患者中尤为常见。
