Weinberg J, Simmonds S
Health Monitoring Unit, World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe, Zagreb, Croatia.
Soc Sci Med. 1995 Jun;40(12):1663-9. doi: 10.1016/0277-9536(95)00022-y.
The delivery of humanitarian aid in wartime is difficult. However, it is essential that aid is provided in the most effective manner possible, targeted on those most in need whilst minimizing waste. Furthermore the delivery of aid should be sensitive to the future needs of the communities in conflict. This requires information on the needs of the vulnerable population. There is little experience of collecting data on the impact of war on a civilian population. The war in Bosnia disrupted surveillance of communicable disease. The local authorities were assisted by the World Health Organization in re-establishing surveillance. The data generated was valuable in planning interventions to minimise the possibility of major outbreaks of infection, reduce the impact of infectious disease and in guiding the humanitarian aid effort. The experience described suggests that public health surveillance of the civilian population in wartime is possible and useful. Besides the need for planning, the public health doctor in wartime has a role as an advocate for those suffering; this function can be carried out much more effectively if it is based on objective data collection rather than hearsay.
战时提供人道主义援助困难重重。然而，至关重要的是要尽可能以最有效的方式提供援助，将援助目标对准最有需要的人群，同时尽量减少浪费。此外，援助的提供应关注冲突地区社区的未来需求。这需要了解弱势群体的需求。目前几乎没有收集战争对平民人口影响数据的经验。波斯尼亚的战争扰乱了传染病监测工作。世界卫生组织协助当地当局重新建立监测。所生成的数据对于规划干预措施以尽量减少重大感染疫情的可能性、减轻传染病的影响以及指导人道主义援助工作非常有价值。上述经历表明，战时对平民人口进行公共卫生监测是可行且有用的。除了规划需求外，战时的公共卫生医生还应充当受苦民众的倡导者；如果基于客观的数据收集而非道听途说，这一职能将能更有效地履行。
