Kowler E, Anderson E, Dosher B, Blaser E
Department of Psychology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903, USA.
Vision Res. 1995 Jul;35(13):1897-916. doi: 10.1016/0042-6989(94)00279-u.
Accurate saccadic programming in natural visual scenes requires a signal designating which of the many potential targets is to be the goal of the saccade. Is this signal controlled by the allocation of perceptual attention, or do saccades have their own independent selective filter? We found evidence for the involvement of perceptual attention, namely: (1) summoning perceptual attention to a target also facilitated saccades; (2) perceptual identification was better at the saccadic goal than elsewhere; and (3) attempts to dissociate the locus of attention from the saccadic goal were unsuccessful, i.e. it was not possible to prepare to look quickly and accurately at one target while at the same time making highly accurate perceptual judgements about targets elsewhere. We also studied the trade-off between saccadic and perceptual performance by means of a novel application of the "attentional operating characteristic" (AOC) to oculomotor performance. This analysis revealed that some attention could be diverted from the saccadic goal with virtually no cost to either saccadic latency or accuracy, showing that there is a ceiling on the attentional demands of saccades. The links we discovered between saccades and attention can be explained by a model in which perceptual attention determines the endpoint of the saccade, while a separate trigger signal initiates the saccade in response to transient changes in the attentional locus. The model will be discussed in the context of current neurophysiological work on saccadic control.
在自然视觉场景中进行精确的扫视编程需要一个信号来指定众多潜在目标中的哪一个将成为扫视的目标。这个信号是由感知注意力的分配控制的，还是扫视有其自身独立的选择性过滤器呢？我们发现了感知注意力参与其中的证据，具体如下：（1）将感知注意力引向一个目标也会促进扫视；（2）在扫视目标处的感知识别比其他地方更好；（3）试图将注意力焦点与扫视目标分离的尝试没有成功，也就是说，不可能在准备快速准确地看向一个目标的同时，对其他地方的目标做出高度准确的感知判断。我们还通过将“注意力操作特征”（AOC）新颖地应用于眼动表现，研究了扫视与感知表现之间的权衡。这一分析表明，一些注意力可以从扫视目标上转移，而对扫视潜伏期或准确性几乎没有成本，这表明扫视的注意力需求存在上限。我们发现的扫视与注意力之间的联系可以用一个模型来解释，在这个模型中，感知注意力决定扫视的终点，而一个单独的触发信号则响应注意力焦点的瞬时变化启动扫视。将在当前关于扫视控制的神经生理学研究背景下讨论该模型。
