Badaracco G, Bellorini M, Landsberger N
Dipartimento di Genetica e di Biologia dei Microorganismi Università di Milano, Italy.
J Mol Evol. 1995 Aug;41(2):150-4. doi: 10.1007/BF00170666.
Study of polymorphisms in the eukaryotic genome is an important way to discover the evolutionary relationships between species. Artemia (Crustacea, Anostraca) offers a very interesting model for evolutionary studies. In fact the genus, distributed all over the world in hundreds of known biotopes, comprises both bisexual sibling species and parthenogenetic populations easily available from the Artemia Reference Center of Ghent. In spite of great interest in it and its extensive use in aquaculture, little is known about relationships between the different species and intraspecific populations. Recently it has been demonstrated that polymorphisms in genomic fingerprints generated by arbitrarily primed polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can distinguish between strains in many organisms. We have used this technique to estimate the phylogenetic relationships existing between 14 populations living in the American continent, in the Mediterranean area, and in China. The principal coordinate analysis (PCO) obtained from 86 random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers indicates that the populations analyzed can be divided into homogeneous clusters representing the four known bisexual species--the American A. franciscana and A. persimilis, the Mediterranean A. salina, and the A. species from China.
研究真核生物基因组中的多态性是发现物种间进化关系的重要途径。卤虫（甲壳纲，无甲目）为进化研究提供了一个非常有趣的模型。实际上，该属分布于世界各地数百个已知的生物群落中，既包括两性的近缘物种，也有可轻易从根特卤虫参考中心获取的孤雌生殖种群。尽管人们对其兴趣浓厚且在水产养殖中广泛应用，但对于不同物种和种内种群之间的关系却知之甚少。最近有研究表明，通过任意引物聚合酶链反应（PCR）产生的基因组指纹中的多态性能够区分许多生物中的菌株。我们利用这项技术来估计生活在美洲大陆、地中海地区和中国的14个种群之间存在的系统发育关系。从86个随机扩增多态性DNA（RAPD）标记获得的主坐标分析（PCO）表明，所分析的种群可分为代表四个已知两性物种的同质聚类——美洲的弗氏卤虫和秘鲁卤虫、地中海的盐卤虫以及来自中国的卤虫物种。
