Disseminated fungal infection and early onset microangiopathy after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

We report a patient who developed early onset microangiopathic hemolytic anemia (MAHA) and thrombocytopenia after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation (BMT). The clinical features and laboratory findings were not consistent with cyclosporin toxicity, graft-versus-host disease or cytomegalovirus infection as causative factors. Necropsy showed extensive vascular occlusion by angioinvasive hyphae of Aspergillus fumigatus in many organs. Disseminated fungal infection should be considered in the differential diagnosis of MAHA after BMT.