Schwartz B S, Pransky G, Lashley D
Occupational and Environmental Medicine Residency Program, Johns Hopkins School of Hygiene and Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA.
J Occup Environ Med. 1995 Jun;37(6):739-43. doi: 10.1097/00043764-199506000-00017.
In July 1994, current occupational and environmental medicine (OEM) residents (n = 180) were surveyed about their motivation for decisions to enter OEM residencies, near-term and long-term career goals, and their opinions on various strategies for recruitment to the field. A total of 151 persons responded (84%), representing all 40 accredited OEM residencies in the United States and Canada. A total of 16% first learned about OEM in medical school, and 11% were first exposed during residency training. Most respondents (62%) decided to enter OEM residency training after beginning their professional working careers. Only 11% of respondents decided to enter OEM residency training before (2%) or during (9%) medical school, whereas 24% made their decision during internship or residency. Respondents were attracted to several aspects of OEM, but the prevention focus of the field (64%), lifestyle (56%), and worker and labor issues (53%) were most commonly cited. Although only 25% of respondents stated that a role model had a significant impact on their decision to pursue training in OEM, persons influenced by a role model were more likely to have made the decision to pursue a career in OEM during medical school or clinical residency training (odds ratio = 2.4; 95% CI, 1.0-5.4; Fisher's exact two-tailed P value = 0.04). In the short term, residents were most often interested in working for industry (32%), whereas over the long term, careers in consulting were most often preferred (39%). The data have important implications for strategies to increase recruitment to residency training programs in OEM and to increase staffing in the field.
1994年7月，对当时的职业与环境医学（OEM）住院医师（n = 180）进行了调查，内容涉及他们决定进入OEM住院医师培训项目的动机、近期和长期职业目标，以及他们对该领域各种招募策略的看法。共有151人做出回应（84%），代表了美国和加拿大所有40个经认可的OEM住院医师培训项目。共有16%的人在医学院时首次了解到OEM，11%的人在住院医师培训期间首次接触到。大多数受访者（62%）在开始其职业工作生涯后决定进入OEM住院医师培训项目。只有11%的受访者在医学院之前（2%）或期间（9%）决定进入OEM住院医师培训项目，而24%的人在实习或住院医师培训期间做出了决定。受访者被OEM的多个方面所吸引，但该领域对预防的关注（64%）、生活方式（56%）以及工人和劳工问题（53%）被提及得最为普遍。尽管只有25%的受访者表示榜样对他们决定从事OEM培训有重大影响，但受榜样影响的人更有可能在医学院或临床住院医师培训期间就决定从事OEM职业（优势比 = 2.4；95%可信区间，1.0 - 5.4；Fisher精确双侧P值 = 0.04）。短期内，住院医师最常感兴趣的是为企业工作（32%），而从长期来看，最常倾向的职业是咨询（39%）。这些数据对于增加OEM住院医师培训项目的招募人数以及该领域人员配备的策略具有重要意义。
