Friedman L, Jesberger J A, Siever L J, Thompson P, Mohs R, Meltzer H Y
Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Case Western Reserve University, University Hospitals of Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA.
Psychol Med. 1995 Mar;25(2):387-403. doi: 10.1017/s003329170003628x.
Smooth pursuit performance in schizophrenia and affective disorders has generally been found to be abnormal using a variety of measures. The purpose of this study was to assess patients with these disorders and normal controls in order to compare the different measures across diagnoses. Smooth pursuit was assessed using quantitative specific measures (gain, catch-up saccade rate and amplitude, square-wave jerk rate, number of anticipatory saccades and total time scored), as well as two global measures: root mean-square error (RMS) and qualitative rating. As previously reported, patients with schizophrenia had low gain, increased catch-up saccade rate and spent less time engaged in scoreable smooth pursuit than normal controls. Patients with affective disorders were not statistically different from controls on any of these measures, and had significantly higher gain than patients with schizophrenia. RMS error and qualitative rating measures were highly correlated (r = 0.87). In linear regression analyses, the quantitative specific measures were highly significant predictors of both RMS error and qualitative ratings (P < 0.0001). Linear regression analyses and a modelling study indicated that one quantitative specific measure, the percent of time engaged in scoreable smooth pursuit (total time scored), was most related to global ratings. However, RMS error and qualitative ratings were less sensitive than total time scored to the difference between controls and patients with schizophrenia. These data indicate two smooth pursuit performance deficits in schizophrenia: patients spend less time engaged in scoreable smooth pursuit and have low gain (accompanied by increased compensatory saccades) when the smooth pursuit is engaged.
使用多种测量方法普遍发现，精神分裂症和情感障碍患者的平稳跟踪表现存在异常。本研究的目的是评估这些疾病的患者及正常对照，以便比较不同诊断之间的不同测量方法。使用定量的特定测量指标（增益、追赶扫视率和幅度、方波急跳率、预期扫视次数和总得分时间）以及两种整体测量指标：均方根误差（RMS）和定性评分来评估平稳跟踪。如先前报道，精神分裂症患者的增益较低，追赶扫视率增加，且与正常对照相比，参与可计分平稳跟踪的时间较少。情感障碍患者在这些测量指标中的任何一项上与对照均无统计学差异，且增益显著高于精神分裂症患者。RMS误差和定性评分测量指标高度相关（r = 0.87）。在线性回归分析中，定量的特定测量指标是RMS误差和定性评分的高度显著预测因子（P < 0.0001）。线性回归分析和一项建模研究表明，一项定量的特定测量指标，即可计分平稳跟踪所花费时间的百分比（总得分时间），与整体评分最为相关。然而，RMS误差和定性评分对对照与精神分裂症患者之间差异的敏感度低于总得分时间。这些数据表明精神分裂症存在两种平稳跟踪表现缺陷：患者参与可计分平稳跟踪的时间较少，且在进行平稳跟踪时增益较低（伴有补偿性扫视增加）。
