Nerem R M, Harrison D G, Taylor W R, Alexander R W
School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta 30332-0405.
J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1993;21 Suppl 1:S6-10. doi: 10.1097/00005344-199321001-00002.
The vascular endothelium, as the interface between flowing blood and the underlying vessel wall, not only resides in a hemodynamic environment, but also is a mediator of flow-related influences. In recent years, particularly with the advent of cell culture studies, much has been learned about the effects of this mechanical environment. This brief review focuses on these more recent cell culture studies, emphasizing the effects of flow and the associated shear stress on vascular endothelial biology. Included are endothelial cell shape and orientation, cytoskeletal components, endocytosis, proliferation, and signal recognition/transduction mechanisms. Of particular interest are mechanical effects on the release of vasoactive substances, and recent studies of prostacyclin, endothelin, and nitric oxide are discussed. Through this review it will be demonstrated that flow has a major influence on the synthesis and release of such substances.
血管内皮作为流动血液与下方血管壁之间的界面，不仅处于血流动力学环境中，而且还是血流相关影响的介质。近年来，特别是随着细胞培养研究的出现，人们对这种机械环境的影响有了很多了解。本简要综述聚焦于这些最新的细胞培养研究，重点强调血流及相关切应力对血管内皮生物学的影响。内容包括内皮细胞的形状和取向、细胞骨架成分、内吞作用、增殖以及信号识别/转导机制。特别令人感兴趣的是对血管活性物质释放的机械影响，并讨论了近期关于前列环素、内皮素和一氧化氮的研究。通过本综述将表明，血流对这类物质的合成和释放有重大影响。
