Marahiel M A, Nakano M M, Zuber P
Biochemie/FB Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Germany.
Mol Microbiol. 1993 Mar;7(5):631-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01154.x.
In Bacillus species, starvation leads to the activation of a number of processes that affect the ability to survive during periods of nutritional stress. Activities that are induced include the development of genetic competence, sporulation, the synthesis of degradative enzymes, motility, and antibiotic production. The genes that function in these processes are activated during the transition from exponential to stationary phase and are controlled by mechanisms that operate primarily at the level of transcription initiation. One class of genes functions in the synthesis of special metabolites such as the peptide antibiotics tyrocidine and gramicidin S as well as the cyclic lipopeptide surfactin. These genes include the grs and tyc operons in Bacillus brevis, which encode gramicidin S synthetase and tyrocidine synthetase, respectively, and the srfA operon of Bacillus subtilis which encodes the enzymes of the surfactin synthetase complex. Peptide antibiotic biosynthesis genes are regulated by factors as diverse as the early sporulation gene product Spo0A, the transition-state regulator AbrB, and gene products (ComA, ComP, and ComQ) required for the initiation of the competence developmental pathway.
在芽孢杆菌属中，饥饿会导致一系列过程的激活，这些过程会影响在营养应激期间的生存能力。诱导产生的活动包括遗传感受态的发展、孢子形成、降解酶的合成、运动性以及抗生素的产生。在这些过程中发挥作用的基因在从指数生长期到稳定期的转变过程中被激活，并受主要在转录起始水平起作用的机制控制。一类基因在特殊代谢产物的合成中发挥作用，如肽抗生素短杆菌肽和短杆菌肽S以及环脂肽表面活性素。这些基因包括短短芽孢杆菌中的grs和tyc操纵子，它们分别编码短杆菌肽S合成酶和短杆菌肽合成酶，以及枯草芽孢杆菌的srfA操纵子，其编码表面活性素合成酶复合物的酶。肽抗生素生物合成基因受多种因素调控，如早期孢子形成基因产物Spo0A、过渡态调节因子AbrB以及感受态发育途径起始所需的基因产物（ComA、ComP和ComQ）。
