Atkins P C, von Allmen C, Valenzano M, Zweiman B
Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia.
J Allergy Clin Immunol. 1993 May;91(5):1031-4. doi: 10.1016/0091-6749(93)90216-3.
Marked variability in the amount of histamine released in the first hour of ongoing cutaneous reactions has been noted. This variability occurs even among subjects with similar degrees of skin test reactivity to antigen.
To determine gender effects on mediator release, we retrospectively compared: (1) skin chamber histamine release after a 0 to 1-hour and 1 to 5-hour exposure to antigen; (2) neutrophil accumulation after 5 hours of antigen exposure and skin test reactivity to antigen, histamine, and codeine in 91 male and 60 female subjects.
There was no difference in skin test reactivity to antigen, histamine, or codeine between male and female subjects. However, in the group as a whole, male subjects released higher amounts of histamine in the first hour (74 +/- 4 ng/ml) than female subjects (55 +/- 4 ng/ml), (p < 0.01). When subjects were matched for equivalent skin reactivity to antigen, male subjects who were sensitive to 10 PNU/ml and 1 PNU/ml released more histamine (67 +/- 9 ng/ml and 82 +/- 9 ng/ml) than female subjects (51 +/- 7 ng/ml and 55 +/- 7 ng/ml) (p < 0.05 and < 0.01). In the most sensitive subjects, those with skin sensitivity to 0.01 PNU/ml of antigen, there was not a significant difference between the histamine release in the first hour in male (79 +/- 12 ng/ml) or female (69 +/- 9 ng/ml) subjects. No difference was observed between male and female subjects in either neutrophil or histamine accumulation in the 1- to 5-hour period.
Since the first hour release of histamine is secondary to mast cell activation and the 1- to 5-hour histamine release is secondary to basophil activation, we conclude that the gender of the subject influences the degree of in vivo antigen-induced histamine release from mast cells.
在持续性皮肤反应的首个小时内，组胺释放量存在显著差异。即使在对抗原皮肤试验反应程度相似的受试者中，这种差异也会出现。
为确定性别对介质释放的影响，我们进行了回顾性比较：（1）在暴露于抗原0至1小时和1至5小时后皮肤腔室中的组胺释放情况；（2）91名男性和60名女性受试者在暴露于抗原5小时后的中性粒细胞聚集情况以及对抗原、组胺和可待因的皮肤试验反应。
男性和女性受试者对抗原、组胺或可待因的皮肤试验反应无差异。然而，在整个组中，男性受试者在首个小时释放的组胺量（74±4纳克/毫升）高于女性受试者（55±4纳克/毫升），（p<0.01）。当根据对抗原的等效皮肤反应性对受试者进行匹配时，对10个皮内单位/毫升和1个皮内单位/毫升敏感的男性受试者释放的组胺（67±9纳克/毫升和82±9纳克/毫升）多于女性受试者（51±7纳克/毫升和55±7纳克/毫升）（p<0.05和<0.01）。在最敏感的受试者中，即对0.01个皮内单位/毫升抗原有皮肤敏感性的受试者中，男性（79±12纳克/毫升）或女性（69±9纳克/毫升）受试者在首个小时的组胺释放量之间无显著差异。在1至5小时期间，男性和女性受试者的中性粒细胞或组胺聚集情况均未观察到差异。
由于首个小时的组胺释放继发于肥大细胞活化，而1至5小时的组胺释放继发于嗜碱性粒细胞活化，我们得出结论，受试者的性别会影响体内抗原诱导的肥大细胞组胺释放程度。
