Interaction of osteoblasts with extracellular matrix: effect of mast cell chymase.

We studied the effect of mast cell chymase on the interaction between osteoblasts and extracellular matrix. Chymase was purified from mast cell lysate by anion exchange chromatography. Osteoblasts were isolated from rat calvarias by collagenase digestion. Incubation of osteoblasts with mast cell lysate (40-170 micrograms/ml) or purified chymase (8-32 micrograms/ml) resulted in changes in cell-matrix interaction and cell morphology. Osteoblasts treated with chymase also showed a gradual detachment from the artificial substrata and from the biomatrix (collagen-digested rib fragment). A similar effect of mast cell chymase on the osteoblasts was found in vitro on endosteum of an intact parietal bone. Neutral protease inhibitors abolished the effect of both crude and purified enzyme preparations on the cell-matrix interaction. Mast cell chymase had no effect on osteoblast viability. The effect of enzyme on osteoblast proliferation was studied with lower concentrations of enzyme (0.2 micrograms/ml) in order to avoid cell detachment; there was no effect on either the metaphase index or on the number of cells after 5 days of incubation with chymase. Osteoblast attachment and cell spreading on different matrix proteins (fibronectin, vitronectin, extract of noncollagenous matrix proteins from rat bone) were significantly altered by their pretreatment with chymase. Matrix fibronectin of osteoblasts in culture as well as soluble vitronectin and fibronectin were digested by rat mast cell chymase. Our data suggest that mast cells through action of neutral protease chymase may alter molecules in extracellular matrix that are important in osteoblast adhesion, cell spreading, maintenance of cell morphology, and, most likely, cell function.