Hall N E, Yamashita T S, Aram D M
Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University, Rainbow Babies and Childrens Hospital, Cleveland, OH.
J Speech Hear Res. 1993 Jun;36(3):568-79. doi: 10.1044/jshr.3603.568.
The present investigation addresses two primary hypotheses: (a) that a subset of children with developmental language disorders exhibits significantly more disfluencies than other children with language disorders and (b) that differences between the disfluent and nondisfluent groups observed in fluency may be related to differences in language deficits. Spontaneous language samples from 60 preschool children with developmental language disorders were analyzed for frequency and type of disfluencies. Comparisons of the frequency of disfluencies across subjects revealed that a subset of 10 subjects exhibited significantly more disfluencies than the other subjects with language disorders. Demographic, intelligence, and language variables were compared across the two groups to determine whether such factors could account for the differences in fluency. The subjects with greater percentages of disfluencies were found to be significantly older and demonstrated significantly higher scores on two standard measures of vocabulary. These findings were interpreted in light of two models of disfluencies: the neuropsycholinguistic (Perkins, Kent, & Curlee, 1991) and Demands and Capacities (Adams, 1990; Starkweather, 1987). This suggests that some children with language disorders are at risk for fluency breakdown because of dysynchronies in the development of lexical and syntactic aspects of language or as a result of mismathces between speaking demands and capacities.
（a）患有发育性语言障碍的儿童亚组比其他语言障碍儿童表现出明显更多的言语不流畅；（b）在流畅性方面观察到的言语不流畅组和非言语不流畅组之间的差异可能与语言缺陷的差异有关。对60名患有发育性语言障碍的学龄前儿童的自发语言样本进行了言语不流畅频率和类型的分析。对各受试者言语不流畅频率的比较显示，10名受试者的亚组比其他患有语言障碍的受试者表现出明显更多的言语不流畅。对两组的人口统计学、智力和语言变量进行了比较，以确定这些因素是否可以解释流畅性方面的差异。发现言语不流畅百分比更高的受试者年龄明显更大，并且在两项词汇标准测量中表现出明显更高的分数。根据言语不流畅的两种模型：神经心理语言学模型（珀金斯、肯特和柯利，1991年）和需求与能力模型（亚当斯，1990年；斯塔克韦瑟，1987年）对这些发现进行了解释。这表明，一些患有语言障碍的儿童由于语言词汇和句法方面发展的不同步，或者由于言语需求与能力之间的不匹配，存在言语流畅性中断的风险。
