Anti-HCV-positive cirrhosis associated with schistosomiasis.

Hepatosplenic schistosomiasis is occasionally associated with cirrhosis and progressive hepatic decompensation. The aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence of antibody to hepatitis C virus in patients with schistosomiasis and cirrhosis. The prevalence of anti-HCV was studied in 12 consecutive cases of schistosomiasis associated with biopsy proven cirrhosis. All patients had a past history of schistosomiasis and high titers of schistosomal antibodies in serum (1:32 to 1:4096). Five of the 12 patients had hepatic catheterization and were found to have sinusoidal involvement with corrected sinusoidal pressures ranging from 19 to 23 mm Hg. Four had ascites, six had pedal edema, and eight had peripheral signs of chronic liver disease in the form of palmar erythema, spider nevi, and/or gynecomastia. Ten of the 12 cases (83%) were repeatedly positive for anti-HCV/ELISA. These results suggest that when patients with schistosomiasis develop cirrhosis, associated hepatitis C virus infection should be suspected.