Barke K E, Hough L B
Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Albany Medical College, NY 12208.
Life Sci. 1993;53(18):1391-9. doi: 10.1016/0024-3205(93)90581-m.
Opiates have long been known to cause the release of histamine from mast cells, resulting in several undesirable effects, such as hypotension, urticaria, pruritus, and tachycardia. The mechanism of this opiate response has remained unclear, although it is known to be non-immunological in nature. A survey of the histamine-releasing properties of a variety of opiates shows that the pharmacology of opiate-induced histamine release from mast cells is distinct from that of known opiate receptors. Although functional opiate receptors may exist on mast cells and may be capable of modulating IgE-mediated histamine release, there is no evidence that these receptors account for opiate-induced histamine release. Since other basic compounds have been suggested to release histamine from mast cells by directly activating G-proteins, it seems possible that morphine and endogenous opiates may also share this mechanism.
长期以来，人们已知阿片类药物会导致肥大细胞释放组胺，从而产生多种不良影响，如低血压、荨麻疹、瘙痒和心动过速。尽管已知这种阿片类药物反应本质上是非免疫性的，但其机制仍不清楚。对多种阿片类药物组胺释放特性的调查表明，阿片类药物诱导肥大细胞释放组胺的药理学与已知的阿片受体不同。虽然肥大细胞上可能存在功能性阿片受体，并且可能能够调节IgE介导的组胺释放，但没有证据表明这些受体是阿片类药物诱导组胺释放的原因。由于其他碱性化合物已被认为可通过直接激活G蛋白从肥大细胞释放组胺，因此吗啡和内源性阿片类药物似乎也可能具有这种机制。
