Higashimoto M, Purintrapiban J, Kataoka K, Kinouchi T, Vinitketkumnuen U, Akimoto S, Matsumoto H, Ohnishi Y
Department of Bacteriology, School of Medicine, University of Tokushima, Japan.
Mutat Res. 1993 Nov;303(3):135-42. doi: 10.1016/0165-7992(93)90026-r.
Three kinds of spices (caraway, coriander and black pepper seeds) and a medicinal plant called 'tong tak' in Thai (Baliospermum axillar, a species of the spurge family) were fractionated into hot water, methanol and hexane extracts. These extracts were not mutagenic for Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100 by the Ames assay. However, when the extracts were treated with nitrite, samples of the water and methanol extracts were mutagenic for strain TA100 without metabolic activation. The mutagenicity of the nitrite-treated methanol and hot water extracts of black pepper was highest (8380 and 22,200 His+ per 0.1 g of spice powder, respectively), and that of the nitrite-treated hot water extracts of caraway and tong tak was moderate. The hot water extracts were examined for their antimutagenic activity against mutagenicity induced by various carcinogens by the Ames assay, using the preincubation technique. The tested samples (equivalent to 1-2 mg of spice powder) reduced the mutagenicity induced by 2.7 nmole (397 ng) of N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine by more than 84%, and that induced by dimethylnitrosamine (1.48 mg) or ICR-170 (10 ng) by 30-60%. However, they did not inhibit the mutagenic activity of 1-nitropyrene, 3-nitrofluoranthene, AF-2, methyl methanesulfonate, N-ethyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine, 2-aminoanthracene, 2-acetylaminofluorene, benzo[a]pyrene or IQ.
三种香料（葛缕子、芫荽籽和黑胡椒籽）以及一种泰语名为“tong tak”的药用植物（大戟科的腋生巴豆）被分别制成热水提取物、甲醇提取物和己烷提取物。通过艾姆斯试验，这些提取物对鼠伤寒沙门氏菌TA98和TA100菌株无致突变性。然而，当提取物用亚硝酸盐处理时，水提取物和甲醇提取物的样品在无代谢激活的情况下对TA100菌株具有致突变性。黑胡椒经亚硝酸盐处理的甲醇提取物和热水提取物的致突变性最高（每0.1克香料粉分别为8380和22200个组氨酸营养缺陷型回复突变菌落），葛缕子和“tong tak”经亚硝酸盐处理的热水提取物的致突变性中等。采用预孵育技术，通过艾姆斯试验检测了热水提取物对各种致癌物诱导的致突变性的抗诱变活性。受试样品（相当于1 - 2毫克香料粉）使2.7纳摩尔（397纳克）的N - 甲基 - N'- 硝基 - N - 亚硝基胍诱导的致突变性降低了84%以上，使二甲基亚硝胺（1.48毫克）或ICR - 170（10纳克）诱导的致突变性降低了30 - 60%。然而，它们并未抑制1 - 硝基芘、3 - 硝基荧蒽、AF - 2、甲磺酸甲酯、N - 乙基 - N'- 硝基 - N - 亚硝基胍、2 - 氨基蒽、2 - 乙酰氨基芴、苯并[a]芘或IQ的致突变活性。
