Geller D A, Billiar T R
Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pa.
Arch Surg. 1993 Nov;128(11):1212-20. doi: 10.1001/archsurg.1993.01420230040006.
Nitric oxide (NO) is a recently recognized biological mediator that has triggered an explosion of scientific research over the last 5 years, resulting in NO being named "Molecule of the Year" by Science in 1992. Much of the excitement is due to the physiological and pathophysiological functions exerted by NO as a vasodilator, neurotransmitter, and antimicrobial effector molecule. The purpose of this review is to describe the cloning of the inducible NO synthase gene from human hepatocytes, with particular emphasis on the importance to surgeons of cloning genes and on the utility of applying modern molecular biology to the study of diseases relevant to surgical practice. Overall cloning techniques and the specific strategy used to clone the human inducible NO synthase gene are reviewed. In addition, applications of gene cloning to clinical surgery are discussed. Isolating the inducible human NO synthase gene has provided important information regarding the regulation of induced NO synthesis in human cells and has provided a critical tool for further studies to define the role of NO in normal and disease processes.
一氧化氮（NO）是一种最近才被认识的生物介质，在过去5年里引发了科学研究的热潮，这使得NO在1992年被《科学》杂志评为“年度分子”。人们之所以如此兴奋，很大程度上是因为NO作为一种血管舒张剂、神经递质和抗菌效应分子所发挥的生理和病理生理功能。本综述的目的是描述从人肝细胞中克隆诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因的过程，特别强调基因克隆对外科医生的重要性以及应用现代分子生物学研究与外科实践相关疾病的实用性。本文综述了总体克隆技术以及用于克隆人诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因的具体策略。此外，还讨论了基因克隆在临床手术中的应用。分离人诱导型一氧化氮合酶基因为研究人细胞中诱导型NO合成的调控提供了重要信息，并为进一步研究确定NO在正常和疾病过程中的作用提供了关键工具。
