Clayton C A, Perritt R L, Pellizzari E D, Thomas K W, Whitmore R W, Wallace L A, Ozkaynak H, Spengler J D
Research Triangle Institute, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709.
J Expo Anal Environ Epidemiol. 1993 Apr-Jun;3(2):227-50.
Particle concentrations were measured for a probability-based sample of 178 nonsmoking individuals aged 10 or older residing in Riverside, California, in the fall of 1990. Two 12-hr personal-exposure PM10 samples were obtained for each participant, along with fixed-location PM10 and PM2.5 indoor and outdoor air samples at their residences. The particle samples were also analyzed via X-ray fluorescence (XRF) to determine elemental concentrations for selected elements, including some toxic metals, crustal elements, and combustion- and industrial-source related elements. About 25% of the target population was estimated to have 24-hr personal exposures to PM10 that exceeded the national ambient air concentration standard of 150 micrograms/m3. The daytime personal exposure levels (median of 130 micrograms/m3) tended to exceed both indoor and outdoor levels by about 50%; nighttime personal exposure levels were lower and were only slightly higher than nighttime indoor levels. Several possible reasons for the elevated daytime personal PM10 levels (relative to indoor levels) are considered. Certain activities such as house cleaning and smoking were found to be associated with elevated personal exposure levels.
1990年秋季，对居住在加利福尼亚州里弗赛德市的178名10岁及以上的非吸烟个体进行了基于概率的抽样，测量了颗粒物浓度。为每位参与者采集了两个12小时的个人暴露PM10样本，同时在他们的住所采集了固定位置的PM10和PM2.5室内外空气样本。还通过X射线荧光（XRF）分析了颗粒物样本，以确定选定元素的元素浓度，包括一些有毒金属、地壳元素以及与燃烧和工业源相关的元素。据估计，约25%的目标人群24小时个人暴露于PM10的水平超过了150微克/立方米的国家环境空气浓度标准。白天的个人暴露水平（中位数为130微克/立方米）往往比室内和室外水平高出约50%；夜间个人暴露水平较低，仅略高于夜间室内水平。文中考虑了白天个人PM10水平升高（相对于室内水平）的几个可能原因。发现某些活动，如房屋清洁和吸烟，与个人暴露水平升高有关。
