Janssen N A H, Lanki T, Hoek G, Vallius M, de Hartog J J, Van Grieken R, Pekkanen J, Brunekreef B
Division of Environmental and Occupational Health, Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences (IRAS), Utrecht University, The Netherlands.
Occup Environ Med. 2005 Dec;62(12):868-77. doi: 10.1136/oem.2004.016618.
To assess the relation between ambient, indoor, and personal levels of PM2.5 and its elemental composition for elderly subjects with cardiovascular disease.
In the framework of a European Union funded study, panel studies were conducted in Amsterdam, the Netherlands and Helsinki, Finland. Outdoor PM2.5 concentrations were measured at a fixed site. Each subject's indoor and personal PM2.5 exposure was measured biweekly for six months, during the 24 hour period preceding intensive health measurements. The absorbance of PM2.5 filters was measured as a marker for diesel exhaust. The elemental content of more than 50% of the personal and indoor samples and all corresponding outdoor samples was measured using energy dispersive x ray fluorescence.
For Amsterdam and Helsinki respectively, a total of 225 and 238 personal, and 220 and 233 indoor measurements, were analysed from 36 and 46 subjects. For most elements, personal and indoor concentrations were lower than and highly correlated with outdoor concentrations. The highest correlations (median r>0.9) were found for sulfur and particle absorbance, which both represent fine mode particles from outdoor origin. Low correlations were observed for elements that represent the coarser part of the PM2.5 particles (Ca, Cu, Si, Cl).
The findings of this study provide support for using fixed site measurements as a measure of exposure to particulate matter in time series studies linking the day to day variation in particulate matter to the day to day variation in health endpoints, especially for components of particulate matter that are generally associated with fine particles and have few indoor sources. The high correlation for absorbance of PM2.5 documents that this applies to particulate matter from combustion sources, such as diesel vehicles, as well.
评估心血管疾病老年受试者的环境、室内和个人空气中细颗粒物（PM2.5）水平及其元素组成之间的关系。
在一项欧盟资助研究的框架内，在荷兰阿姆斯特丹和芬兰赫尔辛基进行了群组研究。在一个固定地点测量室外PM2.5浓度。在强化健康测量前的24小时期间，每两周测量一次每位受试者的室内和个人PM2.5暴露情况，为期六个月。测量PM2.5滤膜的吸光度作为柴油尾气的标志物。使用能量色散X射线荧光法测量超过50%的个人和室内样本以及所有相应室外样本的元素含量。
分别对阿姆斯特丹和赫尔辛基的36名和46名受试者进行了分析，共得到225次和238次个人测量结果，以及220次和233次室内测量结果。对于大多数元素，个人和室内浓度低于室外浓度且与室外浓度高度相关。硫和颗粒物吸光度的相关性最高（中位数r>0.9），这两者都代表来自室外的细模式颗粒物。对于代表PM2.5颗粒较粗部分的元素（钙、铜、硅、氯），观察到的相关性较低。
本研究结果支持在将颗粒物的每日变化与健康终点的每日变化联系起来的时间序列研究中，使用固定地点测量作为接触颗粒物的一种测量方法，特别是对于通常与细颗粒物相关且室内来源较少的颗粒物成分。PM2.5吸光度的高相关性表明这也适用于来自燃烧源的颗粒物，如柴油车辆排放的颗粒物。
