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学生护士样本中的职业压力与应对方式

Occupational stress and coping in a sample of student nurses.

作者信息

Basson C J, van der Merwe T

出版信息

Curationis. 1994 Dec;17(4):35-43.

PMID:7697788
Abstract

The study investigated the extent and nature of work stress and burnout in a sample of 81 student nurses in a training hospital in the Natal Midlands. The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI), Sources of Stress Questionnaire (SSQ), Student Life Events Checklist (SLEC), and two coping scales, the Ways of Coping Checklist (WCC) and the Billings and Moos Coping Scale (BMCS) were used to measure the variable of burnout, stress, life events and ways of coping. Findings point to the fact that there were significantly higher levels of burnout as measured on the MBI sub-scales of Emotional Exhaustion and Depersonalisation in the sample, in comparison to other helping professionals in South Africa and the USA. These results are discussed in relation to the influence of gender, race and age of the sample. A small sub-sample of high burnout nurses was identified that differed from the rest of the sample in respect to coping styles. Sources of stress in the sample indicated issues relevant to the developmental stage of the sample that have implications for training and intervention. Style of coping and source of stress relating to home-work interface were found to be related to the experience of burnout. Implications of the findings are discussed in relation to training, intervention and further research.

摘要

该研究调查了纳塔尔中部地区一家培训医院的81名实习护士样本中的工作压力和职业倦怠的程度及性质。使用马氏职业倦怠量表(MBI)、压力源问卷(SSQ)、学生生活事件清单(SLEC)以及两个应对量表,即应对方式清单(WCC)和比林斯与穆斯应对量表(BMCS)来测量职业倦怠、压力、生活事件和应对方式等变量。研究结果表明,与南非和美国的其他助人专业人员相比,该样本在MBI的情感耗竭和去个性化子量表上测得的职业倦怠水平显著更高。针对样本的性别、种族和年龄的影响对这些结果进行了讨论。确定了一小部分职业倦怠程度高的护士子样本,其应对方式与样本中的其他护士不同。样本中的压力源表明了与样本发展阶段相关的问题,这些问题对培训和干预具有启示意义。发现与家庭 - 工作界面相关的应对方式和压力源与职业倦怠经历有关。针对培训、干预和进一步研究对研究结果的启示进行了讨论。

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