Shinnick T M, Good R C
Division of Bacterial and Mycotic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA.
Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis. 1994 Nov;13(11):884-901. doi: 10.1007/BF02111489.
The minimal standards for including a species in the genus Mycobacterium are i) acid-alcohol fastness, ii) the presence of mycolic acids containing 60-90 carbon atoms which are cleaved to C22 to C26 fatty acid methyl esters by pyrolysis, and iii) a guanine + cytosine content of the DNA of 61 to 71 mol %. Currently, there are 71 recognized or proposed species of Mycobacterium which can be divided into two main groups based on growth rate. The slowly growing species require > 7 days to form visible colonies on solid media while the rapidly growing species require < 7 days. Slowly growing species are often pathogenic for humans or animals while rapidly growing species are usually considered nonpathogenic for humans, although important exceptions exist. The taxonomic and diagnostic characteristics of medically important species and of newly described species of the Mycobacterium genus are reviewed.
i) 抗酸酒精性；ii) 存在含60至90个碳原子的分枝菌酸，经热解可裂解为C22至C26脂肪酸甲酯；iii) DNA的鸟嘌呤 + 胞嘧啶含量为61至71摩尔%。目前，有71种已被认可或提议的分枝杆菌物种，可根据生长速度分为两个主要类别。生长缓慢的物种在固体培养基上形成可见菌落需要超过7天，而生长迅速的物种则需要少于7天。生长缓慢的物种通常对人类或动物具有致病性，而生长迅速的物种通常被认为对人类无致病性，不过也存在重要的例外情况。本文综述了分枝杆菌属医学上重要物种和新描述物种的分类及诊断特征。
