Stroffolini T, Ferrigno L, Cialdea L, Catapano R, Palumbo F, Novaco F, Moiraghi A, Galanti C, Bernacchia R, Mele A
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
J Hepatol. 1994 Dec;21(6):1123-6. doi: 10.1016/s0168-8278(05)80629-4.
The incidence of hepatitis Delta virus in the general Italian population was estimated by a specific surveillance system for acute viral hepatitis over the period 1987-1992. The hepatitis Delta virus incidence rate declined from 3.1/1,000,000 inhabitants in 1987 to 1.2/1,000,000 in 1992. Males predominated (83.8% of cases); the sex ratio was 5.2. Only 2.5% of cases occurred in subjects younger than 15 years. There were 119 (49.4%) coinfections of Delta and B hepatitis and 122 (50.6%) Delta superinfections in chronic HBsAg carriers. Jaundice was present in 83.6% of cases. The hospitalization rate was 97.5%; median stay in hospital was 25 days (range 1-98 days). The results of multivariate analysis showed that a history of intravenous drug abuse (odds ratio 34.9; confidence interval 95% = 16.8-72.5), household contact with an HBsAg+ carrier (odds ratio 10.7; confidence interval 95% = 4.36-23.30) and a history of two or more sexual partners within the previous 6 months (odds ratio 2.44; confidence interval 95% = 1.34-4.43) were independent risk factors associated with Delta hepatitis. No association was found with the other risk factors considered, such as blood transfusion, surgical intervention, hospitalization, other percutaneous exposures, dental therapy, contact with an icteric case, and household contact with an i.v. drug abuser. These findings indicate that, in Italy, Delta hepatitis currently has a minor impact. In addition to intravenous drug abuse and household contact with an HBsAg+ carrier, heterosexual activity appears to be an efficient route of HDV transmission.
1987 - 1992年期间，通过一个针对急性病毒性肝炎的特定监测系统，对意大利普通人群中丁型肝炎病毒的发病率进行了估算。丁型肝炎病毒发病率从1987年的3.1/100万居民降至1992年的1.2/100万。男性占主导（83.8%的病例）；性别比为5.2。仅2.5%的病例发生在15岁以下的人群中。在慢性乙肝表面抗原携带者中，有119例（49.4%）为丁型和乙型肝炎合并感染，122例（50.6%）为丁型肝炎重叠感染。83.6%的病例出现黄疸。住院率为97.5%；中位住院时间为25天（范围1 - 98天）。多变量分析结果显示，静脉注射毒品史（优势比34.9；95%置信区间 = 16.8 - 72.5）、与乙肝表面抗原阳性携带者的家庭接触（优势比10.7；95%置信区间 = 4.36 - 23.30）以及过去6个月内有两个或更多性伴侣的病史（优势比2.44；95%置信区间 = 1.34 - 4.43）是与丁型肝炎相关的独立危险因素。未发现与所考虑的其他危险因素有相关性，如输血、外科手术、住院、其他经皮暴露、牙科治疗、与黄疸病例接触以及与静脉注射毒品者的家庭接触。这些发现表明，在意大利，目前丁型肝炎的影响较小。除静脉注射毒品和与乙肝表面抗原阳性携带者的家庭接触外，异性性行为似乎是丁型肝炎病毒传播的有效途径。
