Corona R, Gandolfi C, Ferrigno L, Sagliocca L, Ciaralli F, Martelli A, Galanti C, Moiraghi A, Palumbo F, Novaco F
Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
Eur J Epidemiol. 1994 Apr;10(2):219-22. doi: 10.1007/BF01730374.
The objectives of the present report were to give a baseline picture of hepatitis B notification incidence rates in children before the campaign of mass vaccination for newborns and adolescents (12-13 years old), and to study the role of different risk factors. Data from a specific national surveillance system of acute viral hepatitis (SEIEVA, Sistema Epidemiologico Integrato dell'Epatite Virale Acuta) were used and acute hepatitis B cases were compared to acute hepatitis A patients with the case-control study method to estimate the associations with the considered risk factors. Since the system began, one hundred and sixty-three local health departments have joined SEIEVA covering 30% of the Italian population. The incidence of acute hepatitis B notifications among 0-14 aged children was 9 per 100,000 in 1985 and 1 per 100,000 in 1990. Such decline in incidence was observed in both the North and the South of Italy. Surgical interventions, dental therapy and household contacts with a HBsAg chronic carrier were found to be associated with acute hepatitis B. The point estimate of the odds ratio was 10 for the latter risk factor. Other preventive measures in addition to vaccination are needed to control the risk of hepatitis B infection and other parenteral diseases due to surgical intervention and dental therapy.
本报告的目的是提供在新生儿和青少年（12 - 13岁）大规模疫苗接种运动之前儿童乙肝报告发病率的基线情况，并研究不同风险因素的作用。使用了来自特定国家急性病毒性肝炎监测系统（SEIEVA，急性病毒性肝炎综合流行病学系统）的数据，并采用病例对照研究方法将急性乙肝病例与急性甲肝患者进行比较，以估计与所考虑风险因素的关联。自该系统启动以来，163个地方卫生部门加入了SEIEVA，覆盖了30%的意大利人口。1985年，0 - 14岁儿童急性乙肝报告发病率为每10万人9例，1990年为每10万人1例。在意大利北部和南部均观察到发病率的这种下降。发现外科手术、牙科治疗以及与乙肝表面抗原慢性携带者的家庭接触与急性乙肝有关。后一种风险因素的优势比点估计值为10。除疫苗接种外，还需要其他预防措施来控制因外科手术和牙科治疗导致的乙肝感染及其他经肠外传播疾病的风险。
