Schuster-Kolbe J, Ludwig H
I. Medizinischen Abteilung mit Onkologie, Wilhelminenspitals der Stadt Wien.
Wien Med Wochenschr. 1994;144(22-23):540-4.
Consumption of tobacco, alone and in combination with alcohol, is one of the most important factors in the development of cancer. Besides lung cancer, the neoplasms of the oral cavity, the larynx, the esophagus, the pancreas, the kidneys and the bladder rank among the tobacco-related cancers. But also stomach and cervical cancer are connected with the use of tobacco. Passive smokers are confronted with a higher risk of lung cancer, and the risk of developing childhood cancer (e.g. Wilms tumor, acute lymphoblastic leukemia, non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) has been widely considered to be correlated with smoking by the mother during pregnancy. Many investigators are now trying to identify risk groups of smokers to decrease the rate of cancer cases and deaths. Although this research is of great interest, it would be of course much more effective to prevent the risks by not smoking. Epidemiologists estimate, that approximately 30% of all cancer cases could be avoided by this means.
单独吸烟以及吸烟与饮酒共同作用，是癌症发生的最重要因素之一。除肺癌外，口腔癌、喉癌、食管癌、胰腺癌、肾癌和膀胱癌均属于与烟草相关的癌症。而且胃癌和宫颈癌也与吸烟有关。被动吸烟者患肺癌的风险更高，人们普遍认为，母亲在孕期吸烟会增加儿童患癌（如肾母细胞瘤、急性淋巴细胞白血病、非霍奇金淋巴瘤）的风险。目前，许多研究人员正在努力确定吸烟者中的高危人群，以降低癌症病例和死亡的发生率。尽管这项研究很有意义，但通过戒烟来预防风险当然会更有效。流行病学家估计，通过这种方式大约可以避免30%的癌症病例。
