Masuda H
Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Physical and Chemical Research (RIKEN), Saitama, Japan.
Bioessays. 1995 Jan;17(1):45-51. doi: 10.1002/bies.950170110.
The mitotic spindle contains the machinery responsible for sister chromatid segregation. It is composed of a complex and dynamic array of microtubules, which are nucleated from the spindle poles. Studies of yeast spindle functions by molecular genetic analysis and by in vitro functional analysis have identified proteins that are mitosis-specific and present at very low concentrations in the cell, and have revealed the molecular bases of several processes required for the formation and functioning of the mitotic spindle. Here I review the current knowledge of the processes that are common to most eukaryotes: microtubule nucleation at the spindle poles, bipolar spindle assembly, maintenance of the spindle structure, chromosome attachment to the spindle and chromosome separation on the spindle.
有丝分裂纺锤体包含负责姐妹染色单体分离的机制。它由复杂且动态排列的微管组成，这些微管从纺锤体两极成核。通过分子遗传学分析和体外功能分析对酵母纺锤体功能进行的研究，已鉴定出在细胞中以非常低的浓度存在且具有有丝分裂特异性的蛋白质，并揭示了有丝分裂纺锤体形成和功能所需的几个过程的分子基础。在这里，我回顾一下大多数真核生物共有的过程的当前知识：纺锤体两极的微管成核、双极纺锤体组装、纺锤体结构的维持、染色体与纺锤体的附着以及纺锤体上染色体的分离。
